TIDBITS OF INFO- CANADA

rehab · TIDBITS OF INFO- CANADA

Engineering and Mining Journal-Press Vol. 114, No. 18

BRITISH COLUMBIA

Copper Mountain Mine Is Examined Alice Arm—The Silver Ear Mining Co. is building a- camp and getting in supplies on its property on the northeast fork of the Kitsault River, so as to continue development during the winter. A. McGuire is in charge. Louis Reynolds, one of the owners of the Beverley group, on the opposite side of the bay from here, reports that a 40-ft. belt of ore has been stripped for 100 ft. on the surface, and that several patches of rich silver ore-have been exposed. A tunnel has been started on the lode.

Hudson’s Hope—W. H. Wood, one of the directors of the Manitoba Gold Dredging Co., who has just returned from the company’s property, on the upper Peace River, - reports that a dredge is in operation.

Princeton—A party of engineers has made an examination of the Canada Copper Corporation’s mine, at Copper Mountain, and its concentrator, at Allenby, for the Granby company, and G. N. Bjorge and E. E. Erich have made an examination of the property for San Francisco capitalists. Fred Foster, acting for Spokane capitalists, has bonded the Borne Silver mine, at Samilkameen, for $45,000, with the understanding that forty days is to be given for an inspection.

Home Silver has been a steady shipper of small quantities of high-grade silver-lead ore.

Nelson—California Mining Co., which operates the California, Exchequer, and Athabasca groups, on Toad Mountain, near here, has closed its Athabasca mill on account of heavy losses. It is probable that a ball mill and cyanide plant will be added to the present stamps, plates, and concentrators.

The Florence mine, at Ainswort, made the first shipment of concentrate, recently, since the owners again took over the mine from lessees, who had been operating parts of it for some time.

Barkerville — There has been a marked revival of prospecting for quartz lodes in this district, and several promising discoveries have been made.

E. Moore has uncovered a 60-ft. lode on upper Cunningham and Haney creeks. The quartz is well mineralized and shows some free gold.

Owing to the unusually dry season and consequent shortage of water the placer output of the Cariboo district is likely to fall below the average. This is to be regretted, as more mining has been done than at any time since the war, and some promising ground has been mined, but there is little prospect of the miners being able to wash it this year. A Keystone drill has been put into operation on Cunningham Creek recently.

Stewart—A. B. Trites, of Fernie, B. C., has bonded the Unicorn group of four claims, which adjoin the Big Missouri, which Trites and associates also have under option. Gus Seiffert has bonded the Rufus group of seven claims on the north side of Bear River.

Some promising silver and copper ore has been uncovered on the surface at an elevation of 5,000 ft. Supplies will be taken to the property during the coming winter, and an active campaign of development will be started in the spring. G. D. B. Turner has bonded the Mobile group, on Glacier Creek. Mr. Turner and associates have several other properties under option.

H. G. Magee reports the discovery of an 8-ft. vein on the Patricia group, on Marmot River. A sample taken from the vein gave an assay of 104 oz. silver per ton and 44 per cent lend. The ore is much oxidized. A tunnel has been started on the vein.

Salmo—The Long crosscut tunnel on the Bayonne mine near here has entered the oreshoot exposed in the upper workings, and drifting on the vein has progressed 40 ft., according to the report of B. N. Sharp, manager. The crosscut intersects the vein 700 ft below the outcrop and 170 ft. below the No. 2 level. The vein on the crosscut level is 21 ft. wide and carries $12.80 in gold.

Sandon—The Silversmith mine will spend $50,000 before winter in new mill and mine equipment. A 200 hp. Diesel engine as an auxiliary unit to the power plant will be installed. A new filter will be added to the mill and erection of zinc bins and a new boarding house will soon be started. The company is operating on a three-shift basis and shipping 750 tons of leadsilver and zinc concentrates monthly.

rehab · PRE-CAMBRIAN MISCONCEPTIONS EMJ 8 4 1928

August 4, 1928— Engineering and Mining Journal

Pre- Cambrian Misconceptions
Canadian Mineral Resources, Admittedly Large, Grossly Exaggerated in Propaganda

By C. M. CAMPBELL

Mining Engineer, O’Okiep, Narnaqualand

THE question of the life of the world’s mineral resources is a frequent source of discussion among engineers. Increase in consumption, it is pointed out, is now a geometrical ratio, and though, in general, supply is at present keeping pace with demand, this condition is clue mainly to more rapid depletion of older developed deposits, and not to the discovery of new ore. Sooner or later the supply will be exhausted. For some years astounding statements of the most positive nature, in regard to mineral wealth in the Canadian Pre-Cambrian, have been issued by leading eastern Canadian engineers and influential Canadian journals. Apparently, all thought of the exhaustion of the supply of copper, lead, zinc, tin, and other metals in the not far distant future is foolish: the Pre-Cambrian is in a position to supply all shortages for centuries. An investigation into the merits of these claims is therefore important.

The Pre-Cambrian, as shown on the map, divides Canada into two sections; and this dividing line differs from the geometrical one in that it has a breadth, between Ottawa and Winnipeg, of over 1,000 miles. This section hitherto has been variously referred to as “the dead heart of Canada,” “a rock-bound waste,” or some similarly unattractive name. It has natural resources other than mineral, and they are not inconsiderable, but on the whole it has not been self-supporting. The discovery, more than 40 years ago, of the Sudbury deposits, followed later by the spectacular rise of Cobalt and Porcupine, gave birth to the hope that further discoveries would be made, not only because they would add wealth to the Dominion, but because they would justify a population that would more firmly unite the East and the West.

On the occasion of the accession of Mr. Mackenzie King to the Premiership of Canada in 1922, the president of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy for that year, in a message of congratulations, stated, on behalf of the Institute, that “inconceivable wealth in minerals’’ in Canada was then a ‘‘fact,’’ and that mining would be “Canada’s greatest industry of the future. It was later stated that this announcement “was not a carelessly worded exaggeration sent on the spur of the moment, but was based on carefully gathered data and was worded to convey the exact meaning intended.’

In Canada the term “inexhaustible storehouse” has been stereotyped and is found in all printshops in the Dominion: the Pre-Cambrian is “the mother lode of the world.” The Financial Post, the leading financial paper in Canada, said editorially on Aug. 12, 1927:
“Practically every inch of that ‘dead heart of Canada’ is laden with precious minerals—with gold, silver, copper, even with iron, nickel, lead, and zinc. Practically every acre of that territory, will some day be pouring forth its rich flow of wealth for Canada.”

The accompanying sketch widely circulated, is a copy of the conventional map of the Pre-Cambrian. This area, about 2,000,000 square miles, is shown as a spotted shield with the legend, “Sudbury,” “Cobalt,” “Porcupine,” appropriately placed. Two small sections, aggregating 3 per cent of the total area, invaded the United States. These have produced the Minnesota iron, Michigan copper, and New York iron deposits, the outstanding value of which is well known. “The United States has done all this with 3 per cent. What should we hope to do with the remaining 97 per cent?“ asks the Canadian engineer. It would appear to he a question of preparatory-school mathematics.

FROODS, HOLLINGERS AND NIPISSINGS EVERYWHERE?

Unfortunately, this logic is all wrong. The Pre-Cambrian, described by C. V. Corless (Trans C.I.M.M., 1924, p. 199) as “broadly uniform in rock formations and mineralization” —in other words, good prospecting ground anywhere for Froods, Hollingers, and Nipissings—has been wrongly so characterized. Instead of being a uniform formation, or made up of uniform formations, it is an aggregation of vitally different formations: Laurentian, Huronian, Hastings-Grenville, Keweenawan, Temiskaming, with anorthosite, diabase, and other intrusions: laid down or pushed up during a period perhaps as long as the entire Post-Cambrian. Only a few of these, making a very small proportion of the total, have been found to contain payable mineral deposits. The United States is very fortunate in that, when the cards were dealt, it received more than its proportion of trumps.

It is interesting to note that the idea of uniformity was also the original conception, with this difference: that in those days, a century ago; it was believed that none of the Pre-Cambrian was any good. The discovery of the Bruce copper mines, on the north shore of Lake Huron, about the middle of the last century, justified the division of the Pre-Cambrian, made by Logan, into Laurentian, a series of granite and granite gneisses, and of negligible mineral value; and Huronian, a series of sedimentary rocks, intruded by volcanics, all greatly altered and containing mineral deposits.

GOLD-BEARING VEINS IN THE LAURENTIAN

“Every square mile of Huronian will sooner or later become an object of interest to the prospector.” “It is in this series that minerals of value occur.” “I know (speaking of a gold district) of no case where gold-bearing veins have been found in the Laurentian.” The foregoing are some of the expressions of Dr. Dawson, Director of the Geological Survey, in his report for 1895 and 1896. The search for Huronian areas became one of the objects of the Survey, and when one was found it was recorded with satisfaction.

We read in Dawson’s report for 1926, regarding the territory between the upper Nelson River and Cumberland House, “The existence of rocks referable to the Huronian system in this region had been conjectured, from information already gained by Mr. Tyrrell in adjoining areas, and it appeared to be of particular importance to define the area occupied by these rocks and to ascertain their character.” Tyrrell therefore descended the Nelson, touched at the Cross Lake area, where a mass of gabbro containing a large quantity of mispickel with some copper pyrites is referred to; crossed over to the north and located the Burntwood River area; then ascended the Grass River and passed through the Huronian area between Herb Lake and Lake Athapapuskow. “This (last) area of Huronian rocks,’ Tyrrell says, “extending about 75 miles from east to west, and an unknown distance to the north, presents a good field for the prospector, on account of the number and variety of the eruptive masses that break through it, surrounded by zones of highly disturbed and fissured rocks.”

It is in this way that these Huronian rocks have been located. Tyrrell’s preliminary work pointed the way for the discovery of the Herb Lake deposits, the Mandy, Elm Eon and Sheritt-Gordon. The Burntwood River area is now being prospected, and finds made there will be opened up this season.

ONLY 5 PER CENT OF MANITOBA’S PRE-CAMBRIAN AREA IS FAVORABLE

At this time, after more than 75 years of work by able geologists, the main features of the Pre-Cambrian are pretty well outlined. The area of Laurentian rocks stands roughly at 85 per cent of the total. The map of Manitoba illustrates forcibly the preponderance of the Laurentian. On the surface, the province is 60 per cent Pre-Cambrian, but only 3 per cent Huronian. In other words, only 5 per cent of the Pre-Cambrian in this province is likely mineral-bearing ground.

This map also shows that, though the main features have been outlined, small important details may be left out. The Sherritt-Gordon is shown in the Laurentian, whereas it occurs in a series of rocks known as the Kisseynew gneiss, a series of sedimentary gneiss rocks forming an extension of the Huronian rocks to the south, and only recently explored. Other Huronian areas probably will he found. Finds are reported from Reindeer Lake, the southeast shore of which has not been explored. There may be a Huronian area there. Low, when exploring Labrador, found some Huronian drift in the neighborhood of Lake Mistassini and predicted another Huronian area in that district. On the other hand, detailed work has reduced the size of some Huronian areas. In general, however, an increase in the mineral-bearing sections is to be expected with more detailed work.

The Wanipigow Huronian area has produced no profitable mine to date, though much money has been spent there in the last ten years. If, however, the prospector or traveler ascends the next river to the south, the Manigotagan, paddles for two days, portages 32 times, he finally reaches that part of the central Manitoba district where the Kitchener mine is producing gold. After a few trips in the Pre-Cambrian one gets rid of the delusion of the ubiquitous character of the mineralization.

HOW THE MANDY WAS FOUND

To find a mine in any country is not easy, and the Pre-Cambrian is no exception. A discovery like that of the Mandy is seldom recorded. A certain Jackson, an alleged prospector, seeking information, was told to prospect near by. He paddled over and pegged a claim.
Understanding that a discovery post was needed, he put one in. He then kicked away some of the moss and uncovered the outcrop.

On the other hand, a widely heralded exploration company started in some years ago to demonstrate the unparalleled richness of the Pre-Cambrian. After five years it not only could not report a single find, but it decided to quit looking. Other companies have made finds; some of them wish they hadn’t.

A prominent Montreal geologist in a speech not long ago promised great things for central Labrador: a syndicate has been formed in Toronto to conduct mineral development at Reindeer Lake. There is no need to go so far from home. Not less than a dozen miles from Montreal is a band of Pre-Cambrian, 1,200 mites long and 250 miles broad—300,000 square miles in all—equivalent to the original thirteen states. Montreal men should give it their attention. It has tidewater frontage from Belle Isle to Quebec: it comes to the St. Lawrence at the Thousand Islands at Kingston. From Quebec to Georgian Bay it is crossed by the Quebec-Cochrane branch of the Canadian National, the main lines of the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific between Montreal and the West, the main lines of these railways from Toronto and the West, and by several important branch lines. It is crossed by the Ottawa and the Saguenay and by many smaller rivers.

Some of the oldest settlements in Canada are found in the southern half. It contains the Hastings-Grenville series of sparsely mineralized rocks, prospected for over half a century. One would think that this section, close-in as it is, and furnished with all kinds of transportation facilities, would be used as proof of the incomparable richness of the Pre-Cambrian. It is proof of the contrary.

WHY TRAVEL 1,200 MILES TO REINDEER LAKE?

There are in the area just three mining operations of importance: the Tetrault mine, 50 miles west of Quebec, with an annual production of 20,000,000 lb. of zinc and, in addition, some lead, gold, and silver; the Kingdom mine, west of Ottawa, with an annual lead output of 7,000,000 lb.; and the Black Donald mine, near by, the largest graphite mine in the world, but with a production under $200,000. These, with minor operations, make up a total production not exceeding $4,000,000. This is equivalent to about one-third the value of the turnips produced in the adjoining Paleozoic section of Ontario- one-twelfth the size.

Statements are made that the Laurentian contains much undiscovered Huronian; that Algoman granite, a proven source of mineral, is difficult to distinguish from Laurentian. There is some truth in these claims, and this huge, convenient, and, so far, practically barren area, is a good place for their advocates to demonstrate their worth. Why go to central Labrador?
No train goes north from Toronto without its quota of mining men. They reach the Pre-Cambrian 50 miles out. They then cross nearly 200 miles of these rocks before reaching Sudbury or Cobalt. The suggestion is here made that they stop off at Gravenhurst, Scotia Junction, or North Bay, or any of the numerous spots badly in need of a mining industry, and open up a few areas of Algoman or Huronian rocks—there is plenty of room. Why go to Reindeer Lake, 1,000 miles to the north?

RECENT HISTORY TRACED

Between this band and the Manitoba boundary is what has proved to be the most productive section to date. This territory, also with an area of about 300,000 square miles, is mainly Laurentian granite, but scattered throughout and giving it a mottled appearance are about three dozen geologically favorable areas, which aggregate about a third of the total area. The discovery of the Bruce mines in 1846 and Silver Islet in 1868 started mining and gave an impetus to prospecting. Construction of the Canadian Pacific in the early ‘eighties brought the Sudbury deposits to light and opened up the first railway right across the Pre-Cambrian. This was followed in the next decade by the mining boom in the territory between Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods. The first decade of this century was characterized by excessive railway building:
Cobalt was discovered and almost reached its zenith. The next decade brought Porcupine and Kirkland Lake into prominence, and the present decade has seen the rise of Rouyn and the significant attack of the Huronian areas north of the most northerly railway in Ontario.

ONE PER CENT AREA: 90 PER CENT PROOUCTION

There are two outstanding features about this area. The first is that 90 per cent of the entire Pre-Cambrian production comes from that small section, totaling 20,000 square miles, containing Sudbury, Cobalt, Kirkland Lake, Porcupine, and Rouyn. In other words, 1 per cent of the area is responsible for 90 per cent of the production. This is what is meant in Canada by the expression, “broadly uniform in mineralization.” The second is that in the area to the west of this rich section and south of the Canadian National main line, covering nearly 100,000 square mites, there is not a solitary successful mine. It is grid ironed by over 3,000 costly, deficit-producing miles of railway without a headframe in sight. It contains 30,000 square miles of Huronian rocks; yet, in cases, Huronian rocks appear to he as barren as granites.

The hope expressed, now many years ago, that some day there would be a string of silver mines from Silver Islet to Cobalt, has not materialized. Silver Islet is dead; the glory has departed coin Cobalt; and Pre-Cambrian silver production is now only about 25 per cent of its best. The Lake of the Woods boom did not produce a profitable operation, nor has the intensive prospecting of recent years, in which this section has shared, had any encouraging result.

“New finds are of almost daily occurrence,” says an advertisement. That claim is boom talk. The naked truth in regard to Ontario mining is that no new camp of any real importance has been opened up in fifteen years—not since Kirkland Lake justified its development by starting profitable production. Red Lake may be an exception. When it has demonstrated its right to be classed as the real thing, the time will have arrived to acclaim it.

Prospectors and scouts are rapidly pushing their operations farther north. Not only have they reached Red Lake, in the west, and will likely this year reach Island Lake, shown along the Ontario boundary on the Manitoba map, but they have also reached Lake Chibougamou, near the eastern boundary of this central section. There still remains to he considered the northern and greater part of the Labrador peninsula, about 350,000 square miles, and the area to the northwest of Manitoba.

A. P. Low explored the Labrador area during the years 1892 to 1895. His report (Canadian Geological Survey, 1895, page 197, states, ‘ The Laurentian rocks occupy more than nine-tenths of the peninsula, the remainder being underlain by scattered masses of Huronian and Cambrian. In other words, not more than 10 per cent of this area is favorable prospecting ground. The Huronian areas are those along the East Main River and Lake Chibougamou. which belong to the area just considered. The Cambrian area, now classed as late Pre-Cambrian, contains hundreds of millions of tons of iron ore, mainly low grade. This section runs in a band 400 miles long and 50 miles wide from central Labrador north to Ugava Bay. Similar large tonnages, also of low grade, are found along the west coast of the peninsula, and the hope is expressed that amid so much low-grade ore an appreciable tonnage of good grade eventually will he opened up.

In the area north and west of Manitoba, covering 500,000 square miles, the chief geological work has been done by J. B. Tyrrell. Huronian areas make up only 15,000 square miles in this entire section, the chief one being on Ranken Inlet, on the northwest coast of Hudson Bay. A half dozen other areas are found inland. No economic mineral deposits are known in the Huronian. In this area, however, large exposures of Keweenawan traps and sandstones occur, and chief interest attaches to the Bathurst Inlet and Coppermine River areas, carrying native copper. These areas front on the Arctic Ocean. The conclusion (F. & M. J., Vol. 109, p. 32) in regard to the first is that these deposits “probably form an important reserve of copper ore, but not sufficiently attractive under present conditions of accessibility, transportation, and demand to warrant the large expense necessary to prove and develop the deposits.” The same authority states in regard to the Coppermine that, “It seems highly probable that parts of this district contain workable and even rich deposits.”

The Coppermine area has been reserved from staking by the Dominion government. It warrants a more detailed report, and with the extension of flying bases farther and farther north a thorough examination by Survey officials will doubtless be made before many years have passed. If, however, any attempt is made to operate within the next fifty years, it will be because the world is badly in need of copper.

In addition to these areas of Keweenawan, there are two other large areas, one touching Doobawnt Lake and the other southeast of Lake Athabasca. The Doobawnt area, according to Tyrrell, has similar rocks to those in the Coppermine. The Athahasca area, as far as has been explored, he says, consists of horizontal red sandstones with a negligible amount of eruptives. Neither shows any native copper, but both, on account of their large size, warrant further exploration. Keweenawan formations cover 100,000 square miles in this northern part.

The foregoing description gives in some detail the chief features of the different parts of the Pre-Cambrian. Certain observations apply, also, to the Pre-Cambrian as a whole.
I once complimented an Indian on his ability as a guide. “Oh,” he modestly replied, “that is my business.” it is an Indian’s business to know the country, and small things seldom escape his attention. Indians guided Samuel Hearne to “the Far-off Copper River,” the first mineral discovery in the Pre-Cambrian; and Indians showed Low where the iron deposits of northern Labrador exist: it was an Indian that discovered the Bruce mines, the earliest operation of importance, and an Indian discovered the Sherritt-Gordon, the latest deposit to he opened up.

It is significant that the recorded potential deposits in the North are so few. An Indian’s training, however, has not been that of a prospector, and it is quite possible that he may have overlooked something. He can give startling evidence of this knowledge of woodcraft, but evidence of a valuable mineral deposit may escape his attention. He is learning, however.

Trappers also do a considerable amount of prospecting as a sideline. Both Sherritt and Madole, connected with the Sherritt-Gordon, were trappers. A trap line may be 100 miles long, and though most of the trapping is done in the winter, a start is made in the fall, so as to get things properly arranged. During this period many an outcrop is examined and samples are to he found in many of the stores in the North. You may be shown a specimen and told that there is a “whole island of it,” this being the Precambrian equivalent of “a mountain of ore.” Present indications are that ore deposits that have been overlooked are going to have a hard time to remain in concealment during the next few years.

NEWNESS SOMETIMES OVER-EMPHASIZED

The North is not a new country. The Hudson s Bay Company has been operating there for over 250 years. As against this statement it is claimed that the H.B.C. is averse to mining development. Considering instructions given Hearne and such facts as that the company is known to have operated a lead prospect on the east coast of Hudson Bay, this claim is not well founded. Not only has the E.E.C. had scientific men in its employ, but explorers from other companies, free traders, and other unattached explorers, such as Richardson, Rae, and Hanbury, have crossed and recrossed much of this territory. Not only are the observed mineral occurrences remarkable for their scarcity, but reports of Dominion geologists are occasionally met with that do not even devote a chapter to economi minerals.

One of the greatest misconceptions is that commonest of all claims is that the Pre-Cambrian has “hardly been scratched.” One day, on a Northern lake, I met a party of prospectors. “‘Well,” I said, “how are you getting on?’ “Well,” they said, “we have done the shore line.” The great Pre-Cambrian is a country of low relief. It is largely a land surface with myriads of lakes, or a water surface dotted with islands. Therefore tens of thousands of miles of shore line may be explored. Except in the clay belts, which are few, the rocks usually come down to the water’s edge. At low water a ribbon of bare rock is exposed, a few feet wide, washed and polished so thoroughly that an ore deposit shows up like, to use a Kipling expression, “a bar of soap in a coal scuttle.” You can follow the bank of a waterway mile after mile, in a motor canoe, with a section of the rock always in sight except now and then when a low spot is met with and reeds block the view. You can often get out of the canoe and walk for miles over rock that is either bare or covered with a thin mantle of earth or moss.

Similar conditions exist in the lake areas. In the northem part of Lake Athapapuskow there are a thousand rocky islands; in the Lake of the Woods there are ten thousand; and in the Georgian Bay there are thirty thousand. Probably one-half the total shoreline can be prospected with the greatest ease.

PRETTY THOROUGHLY SCRATCHED

Instead of being hardly scratched, it is doubtful if there exists anywhere, outside of arid districts where the hills are bare, any area that is so thoroughly scratched as the great mass of the Canadian Pre-Cambrian. It is strange, therefore, that if mineral wealth is so great, more ore bodies have not been found. They should surely have left some clue in the huge number of outcrops easily examined.

After 80 years of development, spasmodically for some time, but, beginning about 30 years ago, of a more intensive character, and culminating in the last few years in some of the most thorough prospecting the world has ever seen, the annual mineral production of the Pre-Cambrian is valued at only $60,000,000. Discoveries in recent years and more rapid depletion of the established properties indicate continued increase for some time at least. Silver production, and gold production as far as the Dome is concerned, are the only doubtful items. A production of $100,000,000 in ten years’ time would seem to be a conservative estimate.

THE “SPEED” OF KATANGA AND THE RAND

All this indicates a prosperous industry, but it is not a world beater. It is not to be compared with the speed with which Katanga has come to the front, and even the Rand, scheduled soon to take second place, showed twice as large an increase last year in gold production as did Ontario. The State of Oklahoma which, during the early Cobalt boom was on the map as Indian Territory. With no mineral production whatever, now annually produces mineral wealth valued at about nine times that of the Pre-Cambrian. This state, with one-twentieth the area and 20 per cent of the population, produces as much mineral wealth in a year as all Canada, with its Sullivan, its Sudbury, and its Porcupine, its coal and its asbestos, does in two. There are also five other single states each of which has a mineral production greater than that of all Canada.

A NEW FUN FL0N EVERY SIX WEEKS

To maintain a production of even $100,000,000 per year means that all the known (leposits will have to be worked to their capacity. Allowing $200,000,000 as the gross value of the metals in the Flin Flon—a popular estimate—it means that, to balance depletion, a deposit of this class will have to be opened up every two years. It is doubtful if the equivalent of this is being done. For Canada to equal its agricultural production with its mineral production—a common claim—means the exhaustion of a Flin Flon every six weeks. There is no indication of development at this rate. The claim is absurd. It is frequently stated that the gross value of the metals in the different Ontario Pre-Cambrian deposits amounts to $2,000,000,000. This is equal to the United States mineral production for only four months. When it is realized that our mineral wealth has to last us for all time, a total of this size, or even ten times this size, is small.

It might also be added that the chief metals found iii the Pre-Cambrian to (late are gold, silver, nickel, copper, lead, and zinc. The present world’s consumption of these metals totals $1,420,000,000, or the equivalent of a Flin Flon every seven weeks. A study of the mining news does not indicate that this is being found.

United States mining engineers every now and then come to Canada and tell us that their country has been pretty well prospected and that the chances of finding further large deposits are slim. United States engineers are seeking mines in every likely country in the world. All this has come about in the last 40 years, a fleeting period in the life of a nation.

Geophysical methods, though extensively tried, have proved up little ore in the Pre-Cambrian. When asked how many deposits he has located, the head of one of the companies operating machines of this kind replied, “None. I have never been placed over any.”

To prevent the extinction of game, certain types of firearms are prohibited to prevent the too rapid exhaustion of our wildlife. It would seem logical to limit the use of geophysical methods to limit the same, regarding our mineral wealth. To date, however, these methods have been responsible for very few discoveries. Improvements may change this, but it may also be true that the number of hidden deposits is nothing like as great as is popularly supposed.

A two-column article arguing in favor of illimitable wealth recently appeared in a Canadian journal of merit. It went on to state that huge tonnages of rock running 40 cents. per ton were available at the Hollinger, in addition to ore of the regular grade. Quartz running twice that amount is not uncommon in the North. The article referred to the extremely low costs at the Alaska Juneau and held out the hope that some day this class of ore would be worked.

There is a conviction among many mining writers, chiefly those with no operating experience, that “some day” a way will be found to work at a profit deposits containing small fractional percentages of the base metals and such low amounts of gold as referred to above. No concern is therefore shown at the amazing rate at which the world’s reserves are being used up. The Alaska Juneau, with its remarkable low-cost production, is one of the chief arguments. The fact that this property pays no dividends and that its neighbor, the Alaska Gastineau, was closed down and dismantled, is overlooked. The story of the Mount Morgan is also overlooked.

TOTAL RECEIPTS LESS THAN IOTAL EXPENDITURES

Probably the lowest operating costs obtained in Canada, though appreciably higher than the Alaska costs, were those obtained in the Boundary district of British Columbia. From the different mines in this district twenty million tons of ore running 1.15 per cent copper and one dollar in gold and silver was extracted during the period 1900 to 1920. Lowest costs, reached about 1913, were 20 cents. for mining and development, 25 cents for transportation over a heavy grade, equivalent to a cent per ton-mile, and $1.23 for smelting and converting. These costs could not, however, he maintained because of rising costs of labor and supplies.

It is doubtful if recent advances in mining, milling, and smelting could improve this record appreciably. Also, though these mines paid dividends aggregating over $8,000,000, it is doubtful if the total receipts balanced the total expenditures. Conditions that have prevailed in Alaska and the Boundary seldom prevail elsewhere; nor should the meager profit and even loss be overlooked. Granting that operating costs in general are being reduced, the reduction is slight and there is nothing to indicate the magical reduction necessary if metals are to be produced in the future, at reasonable prices, from material of the grade mentioned. These tonnages of subnormal grade can therefore be left out of Pre-Cambrian assets.

NO LACK OF CAPITAL

Lack of capital is blamed for the non-development of Canada’s mineral reserves. Another misconception. There is not and never has been any serious lack of capital. This is essentially an excuse offered when promised wealth fails to materialize. It has been used so often that it is actually believed by many engineers. Any prospector can usually get his claim examined without undue delay. If the report is favorable, work will be done; at present there is competition as to who will do it. If work is not done, the trouble is not due to lack of capital but to lack of a favorable report.

At the present time a prospect need not have any special merit to have money spent on it. There is a mining boom in Canada. A boom has the same attraction to a Canadian as a spoon has to a jackfish. Notwithstanding the experience of the Rossland boom, the Lake of the Woods boom, and the Cobalt boom, he says again, with enthusiasm, “This boom is different from all the others; there is no hook on this line.” Shares in 150 non-producing mining companies are traded in on the Toronto exchange. “Broker’s commission totaled $1,495,424 for the month of November last. This almost equals the gold production for the same period,” says a news item. It may be that the brokers get most of the capital, but there is no lack of it.

Such is the much boomed Pre-Cambrian. Of the 2,000,000 square miles, over 1,600,000 has been referred to. The balance is in the Arctic islands. Of the total it is doubtful if more than 15 per cent offers any attraction to the prospector. Large sections of the best ground, of the most likely formations, which have been classed together in this article as Huronian, are unproductive. Either they did not have the necessary structure, or the ore solutions were missing, or, if ideal conditions existed, it too often happened that the resulting ore deposit has been too low in grade to work.

Though the results (though 10 do not begin to warrant the preferred language in which reference to the Pre-Cambrian is made, care should be taken not to create the impression that the Pre-Cambrian is unimportant or that future possibilities are negligible. Even 15 per cent of the total is 300,000 square miles, and even when prospected ground is taken out, a large area is left. Production has been considerable, and reserves guarantee increased production for some time. In supplying even large quantities of nickel the Pre-Cambrian has added appreciably to the attractiveness and efficiency of the world. It is a strong point in favor of the Pre-Cambrian that the Sudbury deposits are of a magnitude that places them in the first rank of metal resources.

MINES GENERALLY LOCATED IN EARLY DAYS

One of the features of mining in Canada is the rule that all the leading mines in a camp have been located in the very early days. This was the situation in Rossland, as it was in the Boundary, not withstanding a heavy development expense to prove the contrary. In eastern Canada it has been the condition in Cobalt; and Porcupine and Kirkland Lake have not proved to be exceptions. Until some years ago it was believed that Sudbury was no exception; that all the ore deposits in that camp had been determined.

Evidence given before the Ontario Nickel Commission in 1916 by one of the leading operators stated: “We are confident that very few, if any, wholly new discoveries will be made in the district in future. It is one of the ironies of mining that, though large amounts of Sudbury money have been spent in fruitless efforts in other sections of the Pre-Cambrian, the outstanding discoveries that have been made have been right in the Sudbury district, and have been made by outsiders—rank outsiders in the instance of the Errington. Sudbury operators have as a consolation, however, spectacular discoveries in their own mines.

In 1916 and 1917 the E. J. Longyear Company drilled that area of the contact east of the Garson mine and located what Coleman describes as “one of the largest known orebodies.” This deposit exists in a continuous band for 7,500 ft., with a thickness varying from 10 ft. to 120 ft. and a proven depth of 1,020 ft. This reserve is available when required.

Canadians deal generously with outside mining companies. The latest instance is that of the Flim Flon, where royalties have been waived for twenty years, equivalent to the life of the mine, and the Manitoba government has agreed to bear railway deficits for five years. They not only give their raw material away, but help to pay the cost of getting it out of the country. In return for this a clear statement of the mineral blocked out is surely in order. It is not yet demonstrated that the Errington mine owners are not giving this information. The matter has been summed up by an Ontario mining writer as follows: “One hears of what the Bunker Hill & Sullivan people actually think of its Errington mine in terms of a billion or more dollars. As work proceeds, the extent of the ore body and the richness and variety of its mineral content stagger even mining men who have been accustomed to huge deposits. It is said that the Bradley people are certain they have made the mineral find of the last hundred years on this continent, if not of all time.”

“INSIDE OF THE CUP”

Maybe they have. Considering that “the inside of the cup” is an area 10 miles by 30 miles, and that it is showing up ore of similar value to the margin, there is some reason to believe that future development will produce something out of the ordinary.

A few square miles of ground will sometimes contain an ore body that will supply an appreciable proportion of the world’s demands for decades. The untouched Huronian areas, though a very small proportion of the entire Pre-Cambrian, are amply large enough to contain important deposits. They may—or they may not— contain something staggering. Time will tell.

With the completion of the Hudson Bay Railway to Churchill and the branch of this road to the Flim Flon and Sherritt-Gordon; the extension of the Temiskaming & Northern Ontario to James Bay; together with the extension of the Royal Air Force services and commercial flying—all of which are scheduled for the next few years—areas that are now inaccessible will he brought within the range of the prospector and the exploration company. At the rate things move these days examination of the outlying areas, in a fairly intensive manner, is not going to be the work of centuries. Another 25 years and we will have a pretty good idea of the wealth of the Pre-Cambrian. There will then doubtless be a few polls to hear from, but it is unlikely that they will greatly affect the result.

Unless virgin areas are much richer than those already explored (and there is no reason to believe that they are), the Pre-Cambrian cycle will be much the same as that of any other mineral area. That the present prosperity will continue, and even increase, it is not the object of this paper to question. It is, however, believed that the evidence detailed in the foregoing will show the absurdity of the claims of inexhaustible wealth which are being broadcast from responsible sources.
Canadian newspapers some time ago quoted the following paragraph from an address by the head of the department of economics of McGill University:
“The human race,” said Dr. Leacock, “for 100 years has been living on its capital. In the midst of wealth it has grown poorer. It is now beginning to find the limits of its boasted power over nature in the exhaustion of nature itself.”
It is submitted that there is nothing about the PreCambrian seriously to discredit that conclusion.

[REHAB NOTES: www.kinross.com has made good in the Porcupine area this century; see video on their site. Kinross is also the principal mining company of Round Mountain Nevada fame]

rehab · BIG MISSOURI - PORTLAND CANAL BC AREA EMJ 8 4 1928

Consolidated Mining & Smelting Exercises Option on
Big Missouri Property
By H. D. KAISER
Assistant Editor

Mining & Smelting Company of Canada exercised on July 21 its option to purchase a controlling interest in the Big Missouri property, situated 18 miles north of Stewart, British Columbia, in the Salmon River section of the Portland Canal mining district. The action follows satisfactory development of the property by the Buena Vista Mining Company, a subsidiary of Consolidated Mining & Smelting, that was organized in September, 1927, when the option was granted.

A minority interest in the property, which comprises 780 acres of Crown Grant land, is retained under the terms of the option by the Big Missouri Mining Company. Development of the property has proceeded systematically and been successful during the last six months under the management of the Buena Vista company, according to Duncan MacVichie. consulting mining engineer, of Salt Lake City, who returned July 15 from an inspection trip of three weeks to the property, and who is managing director of the Big Missouri interests.

An 1,850-ft. crosscut tunnel that developed high-grade gold-silver ore has been driven in a fractured ore zone, and over $150,000 has been expended in development work, consisting of tunneling and diamond drilling. Commercial ore was also developed in another tunnel, 600 ft.
long, and in workings off a 100-ft. shaft.

At the present time a crew of twenty men is employed, and one diamond drill is being operated in the heading of the crosscut tunnel. An Ingersoll-Rand compressor, with a capacity of 300 cu.ft. per minute and driven by a marine-type Diesel engine, is in use. Development of the property is now entirely under the direction of the Consolidated Mining & Smelting management.

J. J. Warren, president of Consolidated Mining & Smelting; S. G. Blaylock, general manager; and W. M. Archibald, chief engineer, recently visited the property to inspect the development work done. Big Missouri, presumably, will be one of the groups of mining properties used by Consolidated Mining & Smelting to supplement the production from the famous Sullivan mine in treatment at the plant at Trail, B. C.

Recently this company resumed the development of the George and Sibola groups, also in British Columbia.

188 Engineering and Mining Journal — Vol.126, No.5

rehab · CANADA MINING NEWS E&MJ 10 20 1928

TORONTO Letter

By Our Special Correspondent for Northern Ontario

Discovery at Crow River, in Patricia District, Seems to Be Important

TORONTO, Oct. 13, 1928—
The latest find which seems to be of importance is at Crow River, in the Lake St. Joseph section of the Patricia district, Ontario. By air, the discovery is 200 miles from Hudson, which is the jumping-off place to Red Lake, and by canoe route it is more than 230 miles. The original discovery was made by the Mosher brothers, of Cobalt, who staked the claim in December of last year. These prospectors were working far a syndicate of northern mining men. It was impossible to do any work on the property until this spring, when promising discoveries were made. In September the property was optioned to F. M. Connell and associates, the price being $40,000 in cash, spread over two years, and 450,000 shares of stock in a $3,000,000 company. The first payment of $2,000 was made Oct 1.

SEVERAL discoveries have been reported in the district, but the only sampling which has been made public is that done on the Connell option. These samples are said to show widths of from 12+ to 40 ft. on four exposures. The geology is said to be favorable, the rocks consisting of greenstone and Keewatin Iavas, intruded by quartz porphyry.
*************
It is announced that Potterdoal Mines, Ltd., operating a copper-zinc property east of Matheson, Ont., has decided to cease operations. Two years ago, a very promising surface discovery was made, with rich copper showings. A shaft was put down to a depth of 225 ft., and more than 200 ft. of lateral work was completed, but drilling showed that the ore did not continue at depth. The company has approximately $45,000 cash on hand, with which it may secure another property.
************
A rumor has been current that at Teck-Hughes Gold, operating in the Kirkland Lake district, the ore was being cut off at depth by lamprophyre. This minor, however, is without foundation, as lamprophyre is a rock commonly met on this and adjoining properties. As it is of much later origin than the orebodies, it has no effect on the metal content.
*********************
Murphy Mines, east of Kirkland Lake, is being reorganized. It will have a capital of 4,000,000 shares of $1 par, of which 3,400,000 will be issued. When the reorganization is completed, the company will have $200,000 in the treasury. The property has been under development since late in 1927 and the shaft has been sunk to a depth of 550 ft. A new discovery, known as the No. 4 vein, has recently been made. A new two-compartment shaft is being sunk on this vein and has reached a depth of 50 ft. Widths reaching 45 ft. are said to have been exposed on the surface.
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Ritchie Gold Mines, in the eastern section of the same district, has also decided to sink a shaft, according to J.J. Byrne, managing director of the company. A prospect shaft has been sunk for a depth of 40 ft. According to a progress report issued by the company, four veins have been discovered. No. 1 vein has been uncovered by surface trenching for 2,600 ft.
*********
New Pend Oreille Company Formed to Acquire Victoria Syndicate Holdings

REEVES-McDONALD MINES has been organized under a Dominion charter to acquire the holdings which the Victoria Syndicate, of London, has been developing during the last three years in the Pend Oreille district, on the British Columbia side of the international boundary. The new company has a capital of 3,000,000 shares of no par value.

Reports state that Pend Oreille Lead & Zinc, which has been developing a large number of claims on the Washington side of the boundary, has taken a controlling interest in the new company. The extent of its share holdings is not announced, but it is known that the Victoria Syndicate, which in turn is controlled by Central Mining & Investment Corporation and Mond Nickel, will retain 1,000,000 shares and that less than 500,000 will be offered for sale to the public.

Reports are to the effect that the Victoria Syndicate has demonstrated the existence of low-grade zinc-lead-silver ore, averaging about 7 per cent zinc, 1 per cent lead, and less than 1 oz. of silver per ton, on four horizons over a large area. On one horizon alone, more than 2,000,000 tons is said to have been proven, with the probability of adding materially to that figure with further development.

In all, the syndicate acquired between 50 and 60 mineral claims in the district. On the Washington side the Pend Oreille Company is developing a similar deposit. It has a 200-ton mill in operation, and recently applied for a water right on Z Canyon, which is said to be capable of developing between 400,000 and 600,000 hp.
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Buchans Mill in Newfoundland Starts Operations

Construction of the first unit of the concentrator at the Buchans mine, situated in the Red Indian Lake district of Newfoundland and owned equally by Anglo-Newfoundland Development and American Smelting & Refining, was completed some time ago, and operations were started recently.
The unit handles about 250 to 300 tons of lead-zinc ore daily. Ore reserves already indicated amount to about 3,000,000 tons. A complete statement regarding the Buchans operations was made by H. A. Guess, vice-president of American Smelting & Refining, in Engineering and Mining Journal of Nov. 12, 1927.
***********
B. C. Silver to Develop Deeper Levels

Selukwe Mining & Finance has notifled its shareholders that the development of the No. 5 level of the B. C. Silver mine, which it controls, situated in the Portland Canal district of British Columbia, has proved that the Premier Gold orebody extends into H. C. Silver. The ore is deeper seated than was expected, however. No. 2 winze is now being extended to the No. 6 level, and expectations are expressed that work there will disclose a large additional tonnage.
*************
Granby Also Increases Wages
Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting & Power, operating copper mines at Anyox and Allenby, B. C., has increased the wages of its employees 10 per cent as a result of the recent increase in copper prices. This step, which was taken in conformity with an agreement with the employees, became effective Oct. 1. Similar increases have also been announced by most of the large producers of copper in the United States.
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Page 631 October 20,1928—Engineering and Mining Journal

rehab · CANADA MINING NEWS TMJ 10 30 1929

THE MINING JOURNAL FOR OCTOBER 30 1929

CANADA

Construction of a flotation plant on its properties at Copala, Sinaloa, Mexico, is being considered favorably by the United Eastern Mining Company, according to Roy W. Moore, 1206 Pacific Mutual Building, Los Angeles, California, who is manager. Unless a power line is run to the Panuco-Copala district from Mazatlan, a distance of 40 miles, power will be obtained from a new Diesel-engine installation.

The company is also developing the Tulsequah Chief property, on the Tulsequah River, British Columbia, where over 3,500 feet of diamond drilling and 1,400 feet of tunneling has been done.

rehab · IMPRESSIONS OF WESTERN CANADA TMJ 1 15 1930

THE MINING JOURNAL

Impressions of Western Canada

Extracts taken from a letter from GEORGE L. HOLMES, San Francisco,
California, discussing a recent visit in Western Canada.

A six months’ sojourn in western Canada, covering quite a range of country, brought to light many interesting facts.

I was engaged to make some drill tests of alleged dredging placer, along the South Saskatchewan, and Red Deer Rivers, to the north of Medicine Hat, but did not succeed in finding workable values, although all of the drill samples carried some gold, and a little platinum, in very finely divided particles. Had there been values sufficient to warrant equipping and working it, the conditions would have been ideal, as the gravels are underlain by a tough clay, or clay shale of the so-called “Belly River-Foremost” formation, and under that, we found an abundance of natural gas, which could have been utilized for power for the enterprise.

At Medicine Hat, is located a brick and hollow tile plant, with a clay bank in the rear, from which the raw material is taken, a creek flowing past the front of the plant, furnishing water supply, and a gas well in the front yard, which, after furnishing fuel and power for the plant for 30 years, still shows approximately 285 pounds pressure on the gauge. Certainly ideal conditions for such a plant.

Nearby we find a pottery which is utilizing some of the local clay, and some from farther south in the Cypress Hills, and turning out a line of clay products ranging from flower pots, to the finer grade of cooking utensils, and, as Canada is not ruled by Volstead, immense quantities of gallon jugs, which are purchased by the government liquor control boards for containers for light wines.

Half a block away is another tile and sewer pipe factory utilizing some local, and some clay from Cypress Hills, for their product, and provided with power from another gas well.

Another interesting feature is a plant known as the Rosaries, with 18 acres under glass, raising every greenhouse product from onions to chrysanthemums, all heated with natural gas, and making a wonderful profit by furnishing flowers and salads for the surrounding country during their severe winters.

My route carried me via Spokane (once a prominent American mining center, but, alas, I found that I could not even buy a gold pan there now), through Grand Forks, where I went over a portion of the Kettle River, through the Crows Nest Pass, via Nelson, and the Kootenai Lake, Cranbrook, where a side trip was made to the celebrated Sullivan Mine at Kimberly: thence to Lumberton, where a side trip to look over a placer, filled out a day, and then on to McCloud, Lethbridge, and Medicine Flat.

Returning, the route took me through the wonderful Canadian Rockies, with stops at Banff, Lake Louise, Field (where the Goldfield Consolidated people are operating a large low-grade property), to Kamloops, and thence to Vancouver.

It is good to visit Vancouver, and as much of the rest of British Columbia, if one has time and money to visit. It is good to be in a country where mining is looked on as a legitimate business, and not hampered by the many laws, rules and regulations, with which it is burdened in California, and where all the profits are not eaten up paying industrial accident insurance. They have a government compensation insurance for workmen in all industries, but they are run on a much simpler plan, than here, and cost only a small fraction of California’s rate of $9.42 per $100 of payroll.

British Columbia is divided into a number of mining districts, and at the principal point, or town, in each district, is a “resident mining engineer” who visits, examines, and advises, but does not report on any property, or accept any private work, or fees. Engineers in all lines in British Columbia, are required to take out a license to practice their particular lines of endeavor, and woe be to the mining engineer who makes misrepresentations of a property which are published for the promotion and sale of mining stock. The resident engineer of the district can debar him from practice for a period of from one year to life, according to the flagrancy of the case.

The resident engineers are thoroughly capable men, and, while they are government appointees, they are not obliged to favor politicians in order that their positions be secure, hence they can act without fear or favor, and, as far as mining ventures go, at least, they are far superior to any ‘‘blue sky laws” ever promulgated in the U. S. A. A non-resident, or an American, visiting the country to examine a mine. or prospect. for a client in the states. can obtain a temporary permit for such work by applying to the headquarters of the Association of Professional Engineers of British Columbia, Birks Building, Vancouver, or he can obtain a license good for either half of the year, on payment of a fee of $15 for the period, or part period, in which he applies, and he must submit satisfactory references as to his ability and qualifications for such work. A prospector, or miner, or a corporation operating mines, must further take out a miners’ license, good for the current year, and costing from $5 for an individual to $100 in the case of a corporation.

The mining laws of the province are fewer and simpler than ours, and very good, easy to understand, and obey. The industry is not hampered by them, but rather helped, and the province appreciates the value of its mining industry, and helps build roads, and gives important assistance in many other ways. Water power is available at many places, and hydroelectric power generated at large plants by public service corporations, serve many mining districts.

Particularly interesting were the visits to the smelters at Trail, owned and operated by the Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co. of Canada, Ltd., with its accompanying residence district, Tadanac, and the plant of the Brittania Mine at Howe Sound, a short distance from Vancouver.

The Vancouver section of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy meets regularly on Tuesdays for luncheon at the Vancouver Hotel and every member endeavors to be there promptly and, if he has a guest, he brings him. The guestsare first called on to give a short talk about recent interesting facts pertaining to the work with which they have come in contact. These luncheons are interesting, entertaining, educational, and not at all like the usual American engineers’ clubs, where each branch usually has one day a week where a special table is laid for the mining engineers, the mechanical or electrical, as the case may be, and where the members, if they come at all, come late, sit down without greeting any, except their nearest neighbor, rush through the meal, and depart on other business, with hardly an exchange of views about the weather.

Unfortunately I was unable to stop long enough to attend the annual meeting of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, held November 27 to 29, inclusive, but a very good detailed summary of it has been published in the current issue of the British Columbia Miner, published at Vancouver. The resident engineers of the various districts, were present and reported verbally to the assemblage, on the work and progress in their respective districts.

If one is interested in mining in British Columbia, these reports would have been more than worth the cost of a trip to Vancouver to hear them, and the fact that one can write to the resident engineer of any district for information, and get it from a qualified specialist in his line, promptly, courteously, and lucidly, is worth a great deal to the industry. Of course, some of the districts are large, and travel in them is not easy, and the resident engineer has work to do that does not permit him to make regular trips to all portions of his district as often as he would like, and may not have had a recent opportunity to visit the property which is the object of your inquiry, but he always has good, accurate information regarding practically all within [the] official limits of territory.

I expect to remain in California through the winter, with side trips to Nevada, and Arizona, but I assure you, I look forward to a return to British Columbia next spring. It is the coming mining center of the Pacific coast.

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The ability of copper to radiate heat, makes it an eminently practical metal to use for fireplace hoods and chimneys. Hammered copper, a quarter of an inch thick, was used for the hood of the fireplace in the modern Ahwahnee Hotel at Yosemite National Park.

In candy kitchens and factories, shining copper kettles are a familiar sight. Their clean surface protects the purity of the products cooked in them,a and the kettles last for generations.

rehab · AMERICAN METALS TO MOVE INTO S AFRICA TMJ 10 30 1930

for OCTOBER 30, 1930

AMERICAN METAL ACQUIRES STOCK IN AFRICAN MINES

Expansion of the holdings of American Metal Company, Ltd., in Africa, has been revealed, with the announcement that the company has acquired additional shares in two companies interested in the development of copper mines in that country. Purchase of the shares, is to be accomplished through the issuance of stock of the American Metal Company, to the Canadian Selection Company, Ltd., present holder of the shares. The company already has an interest in the Roan Antelope Mines, Rhodesian Selection Trust, B’Wana M’Kubwa Copper Mining Company, Ltd., and other copper companies operating in Africa.

The American Metal Company is to receive from the Canadian company, 800,000 ordinary shares of the Roan Antelope Copper. Mines, Ltd., and 1,000,000 ordinary shares of the Rhodesian Selection Trust, Ltd., in exchange for 350,000 shares of the American Metal Company common stock, and $1,000,000 in cash. The stock, to be delivered to the Canadian Selection Company, is not to receive dividends until December 1, 1932. Application is to be made to the New York Stock Exchange, for the listing of the new shares on that date.

The Rhodesian Selection Trust, Ltd., has a two-thirds interest in the N’Kana Mines, in southeast Africa, and the Roan Antelope Company has acreage in the Mufilera, and other mines, in Rhodesia. The Roan Antelope Company’s properties have proven 75,000,000 tons of 3.3 percent copper ore, and it is estimated that it will be in production late in 1932. The extent of the company’s copper resources has not as yet been delimited, but it is thought that the mines will produce upward of 200,000,000 pounds of copper annually by 1934 or 1935.

The company has an authorized capitalization of 6,000,000 ordinary shares of the par value of 5 shillings and 1,500,000 shares of 7 per cent debenture stock. A. Chester Beatty, mining engineer and chairman of the boards of directors of the Roan Antelope, and Rhodesian companies, is to be on the board of the American Metal Company.

rehab · CANADIANS BUY PHOSPHATE MINE IN IDAHO TMJ 10 30 1930

THE MINING JOURNAL

CANADIAN COMPANY TAKES OVER PHOSPHATE MINES IN IDAHO

Idaho’s phosphate mining industry will receive an impetus of considerable force, from the operation being started in Bloomington Canyon, south of Paris, by the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, of Trail, British Columbia.

According to B. B. Shelledy, and J. E. Miller, representatives of the smelting company, who are now on the ground, they will develop phosphate claims, lying a mile south of the Mcllwee Mine, in Paris Canyon.

The company expects to make shipments next spring, of 100 tons a day. The phosphate rock will be shipped as mined, without crushing or drying, to the new ten million dollar plant now being erected by the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company at Trail. There it will be made into treble super-phosphate fertilizer.

rehab · CANADA MINING NEWS THE MINING JOURNAL 11 15 1930

CANADA

The Pend Oreille Mines and Metals Company, through its subsidiary, the Reeves-McDonald Mining Company, has surrendered its claim to the development of the Pend Oreille River, at Reeyes Rapids, and has filed on the available power of the Salmon River, above its junction with the Pend Oreille. The West Kootenay Power and Light Company is now free to develop the entire flow of the Pend Oreille, on the Canadian side of the international boundary. On the American side of the boundary, the Pend Oreille, and the Hugh Cooper interests, are struggling for supremacy.
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The Solar Development Company, Ltd., subsidiary of the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, of Trail, British Columbia, has started the development of the Star Group of phosphate claims, in Bloomington Canyon, near Paris, Idaho. R. B. Shelledy, of Spokane, has arrived at Paris to take charge of the work, and was accompanied by J. A. Miller, of Vancouver, who will act as foreman. The raw product will be shipped to Trail, and distributed after treatment there. Shelledy expects to use 25 men on this project.
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rehab · CANADA MINING NEWS THE MINING JOURNAL 12 30 1930

CANADA

The Solar Development Company, Ltd., R. B. Shelledy, Superintendent, Paris, Idaho, has built a loading platform at the railway station in Paris, and has started hauling out its phosphate ore, from Bloomington. The railroad cars are routed to the new $10,000,000 phosphate smelter, at Trail, British Columbia.

rehab · CANADA MINERS IN THE USA TMJ 1 30 1931

THE MINING JOURNAL FOR JANUARY 30, 1931

CANADA

The Deep Channel Gold Placers, better known as the Old Sailor Diggings, out from Waldo, Oregon, recently owned by A. E. Reames, of Medford, have passed to a Vancouver, British Columbia, trio. The new owners are Charles Oldfield, Edward Knowlton, and J. S. Patterson. They have reopened the property, and incorporated the Plateureke Mining Company, with head office at Seattle, Washington. James M. Logan, an old time placer operator in the Waldo District, has acquired an interest in the property, and will be Engineer in Charge.
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The Ludlum Engineering Corporation of New York, operating a gold dredge at Gold Hill, Oregon, as the Rogue River Gold Company, has taken over two old-time producing gold quartz properties in southwestern Oregon, and will equip them with flotation machinery. One of these mines, the Humdinger, near Williams, has been operated the last two years by A. W. Constance, of British Columbia.

The principal development is a double-compartment shaft, sunk 800 feet on the main vein, and from which considerable drifting has been done. The other property is the Continental Mine, at Nugget, which had been productive before the war, but has never been equipped with a mill. Grants Pass is the nearest shipping point for the Humdinger, and Myrtle Creek is the closest shipping point for the Continental Mine. Walter B. Robinson of Medford, Oregon, local representative for the American Smelting and Refining Company, is Engineer in Charge for the new properties.
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Seattle and Alaska men, organized as the Applegate Mines, Inc., are about ready to operate three hydraulic machines in the Buncom District, not far from Medford, Oregon. The old China Ditch, from the Little Applegate River has been reconditioned over its length of eight miles, and 30-inch pipe connects the ditch with the scene of operations. Although the work will be governed by the supply of water, a 24-hour schedule is anticipated, and an electric plant will be installed to provide light for work, and for the bunkhouses and cook house. R. M. Lewis, and James E. Bradford, both of Seattle, Washington, are President and Secretary-Treasurer, respectively. Floyd T. Steele is Vice-President and General Manager, and has had 30 years’ experience in the Alaska goldfields.
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rehab · CANADA MINING NEWS E & MJ 9 15 1928

E & MJ 9 15 1928

Schumacher Shaft, at Hollinger, Down 4,000 Ft.

Sinking of the Schumacher Shaft at Hollinger Consolidated, in the Porcupine District of northern Ontario, has been stopped at a depth of 4,000 ft., the present objective. Lateral work will he started soon, but it will, of course, be some months before much is known of the possibilities of the new section. The mill continues to handle approximately 4,500 tons a day, which is not enough to maintain dividends at their present rate, and it is probable that the directors will have to take some action before long, in this connection.
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Sudbury Basin Will Sink a Shaft on Nickel Claims

Sudhury Basin has started development of the nickel properties it recently acquired in the Sudbury District of northern Ontario, and will sink a 1,000-ft. shaft at the Falconbridge Claim which was extensively drilled by E J Longyear Company.

Drilling has indicated about 5,000,000 tons of ore, averaging 3 percent combined nickel
and copper content, within 500 ft. of the surface. In view of the improvement in grade, at depth, shown by ores in the Creighton and Frood mines, it is hoped that the Falconbridge will develop similarly. The shaft will have three compartments.
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Find, Near Kirkland Lake, Attracts Much Attention

A STRIKE of high-grade gold ore, made on Aug. 14 at the property of Trout Creek Gold Mining, between Kirkland Lake, and Swastika, in northern Ontario, has resulted in efforts on the part of several of the important Canadian mining groups to secure control of the company. The property was purchased in 1912, by the present owners but not much exploration, outside of assessment work, was done until this spring. The find was made by Tommy Tennant, a miner in the employ of the company, and is said to show a large amount of free gold. Several engineers who have seen the showing, are of the opinion that the formation is favorable for continuation at depth.
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Railroad to Abana Will Not Be Built This Year

C T YOUNG, superintendent of development, for Canadian National Railways, has recently made an inspection of the Abana property, in northwestern Quebec, with a view to determining whether or not a branch railroad should be built to the property. His advice is that the present wagon road should be repaired, and made to do for another year. This is taken as meaning that in his opinion, another year’s development work should be done on the property, before the matter is again brought up.

Abana has been the subject of a great deal of controversy, and much talk has been heard about the necessity for a railroad. Reports have placed the ore reserves at a gross value of $30,000,000, but it is believed that these estimates are based largely on an insufficient number of diamond-drill holes, with a limited amount of development on the 300 Level.

Practically all of the machinery for a small concentrator is on the ground, and it will probably be erected this winter.
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Engineering
Lake Shore Will Use Hoist on 1,000 Level of New Shaft

A hoist for sinking purposes is being installed on the 1,000 Level of the New Shaft, of Lake Shore Mines, in the Kirkland Lake District, of Ontario. The present objective of the shaft is 2,000 ft., but it is intended eventually to continue it to greater depths. A large crusher of the cone type, capable of handling 150 tons an hour, has been installed on the surface, and a jaw crusher has been placed on the 1,400 Level. It is reported that development on the lower levels is satisfactory, excellent widths Being found on the 1,600 Level. The Lake Shore mill is handling 1,000 tons a day.
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Reno Mine Acquired by British

British interests represented by Captain Charles B. Hutton, have acquired the property of ReNo Gold Mines, in the Sheep Creek District, of West Kootenay, B. C., Canada. Captain Hutton, who is a director of Woodbint Gold Mining, made an initial payment of $30,000 on the property, on Sept. 21. The Reno Mine has been developed by four tunnels.

rehab · NORANDA SMELTER ROUYN DISTRICT, QUEBEC EMJ 9-15-1928

The Noranda Enterprise

Part II—The Smelter

( Part I, describing the Home ore deposits, appeared in the issue of Sept. 1. (Not likely that I have that issue))

By A. H. HUBBELL
Associate Editor

WHICH is the more important—the smelter or the mine? At the present stage of operation, the only answer possible, is that both are of equal importance. Without the Home Mine, the smelter would not be in existence today. Time, we hope, will see the plant established on the successful custom basis for which it is equipped. A considerable tonnage of ore will eventually come from the various properties of the district.

How great this will be, or what other districts will contribute ore, only the future can determine. As it is, the existence of ample tonnage for the present purposes has been demonstrated in the Home.

The work of blowing in the smelter began on Nov. 21, 1927, when wood fires were lighted in the first of the reverberatories to be completed. Copper was cast for the first time on Dec. 16, and five days later operations were “almost normal,” according to the log. At the end of five months of operation the plant had to its credit, a production of more than 12,000,000 lb. of blister, of excellent average grade. Today it is producing steadily at the rate of 3,000,000 lb. per month.

At the outset, Mr. Kenneth Williams was superintendent of the smelter. After the blowing in had been completed, however, failing health caused him to relinquish his duties to his assistant, Mr. W. B. Boggs. Subsequently Mr. Boggs was appointed superintendent, and he acts in that capacity today.

Many difficulties have been encountered, as one would naturally expect. The winter in the Rouyn district is long and severe. Temperatures of 30 and 40 deg. below zero are common. Last winter, the thermometer reached 50 deg. Below, on one occasion. Then, too, skilled smelter labor is scarce, despite the nearness of Rouyn’s 4,000 population. Besides the troubles that arise from such conditions, the management has had to cope with those that usually attend the starting of a newly constructed plant.

Despite these obstacles, however, excellent operating results have been obtained. These, together with an account of the difficulties met and overcome, will be set forth in the succeeding pages. Facts, to a large extent, have been furnished by various members of the staff. These are supplemented and supported by information gained by personal observation on the occasion of my visit during the latter part of June.

Time, climate, and transportation were factors of chief consideration. The interests behind the enterprise wished to get into production at the earliest possible date. A railroad into the district was under construction, but would not be ready until Fall.

Supplies, such as cement, tools, and the like, were therefore rushed in over the winter roads, before the spring break-up, in order that work might be started without waiting for the completion of the railroad. Contract for the steel work was let in May. Erection was not begun until winter weather had set in, owing to delay in finishing the railroad into Rouyn. Work was continued through the winter of 1926-27, despite temperatures as low as 50 deg. below zero. Construction and installation of equipment were pushed steadily throughout 1927, and, as previously has been stated, the plant was blown in before the year was out.

Reverberatories, rather than blast furnaces, were decided upon by the designers, because it was anticipated that eventually there would he concentrates to handle as well as direct-smelting ore. A capacity of 1,000 tons per day was desired, and to this end, plans were drawn for two 500-ton reverberatories, each 25x100 ft. inside the brickwork; eight 8-hearth Wedge roasters, 25 ft. in diameter; two 12x26-ft. Peirce-Smith converters; two casting machines; and all accessory equipment. The most important item of the latter, was the coal-pulverizing plant, powdered-coal firing having been decided upon for the reverberatories.

OPERATING RESULTS

Operating results obtained at the smelter even at this early date have exceeded the designers’ expectations. Only one of the two proposed reverberatories has thus far been constructed (work on the other having been held up until a waste-heat boiler can be installed), despite which the amount of ore smelted per 24 hours has already reached the 1,000-ton mark, and will be increased if the smelter office succeeds in carrying out its intentions. Thus it happens that six of the eight roasters are required to feed the one reverberatory. However, this and other details regarding plant equipment and operation will be taken up later in the story.

Ore smelted in the first five months ended June 1, 1928, totaled 103,144 tons. Of this, 79,612 tons was basic sulphide ore, the monthly tonnage ranging from 8,574 in December, to 18,080 in June. The analysis of this basic ore was: Copper, 8.10 percent; gold, 0.232 oz.; silver, 0.84 oz.; iron, 35.20 percent; sulphur, 33 percent; silica, 18.2 percent; alumina, 5.1 percent; and lime, 1 percent.

The 23,532 tons remaining was siliceous fluxing ore containing 54.7 percent silica ; 10.7 percent alumina; 13.3 percent iron; 1 percent lime; 6 percent sulphur; 2.94 percent copper; 0.102 oz. gold; and 0.33 oz. silver.
The monthly tonnage of this grade rose from 2,166, in December, to 6,027 in June.

Basic ore, and siliceous fluxing ore, were charged to the roasters during the first five months in the proportion of five parts of the former, to one of the latter. By analysis, the weighed average charge was as follows:
Copper, 7.22 percent; silica, 24.50; alumina, 6.10; iron, 31.40; lime, 1.00; and sulphur, 28.40 percent. It is desired to use as much of the basic ore, and as little of the fluxing ore, as possible. No oxidized ores are handled. The charge is made up by rule of thumb, the rate of feed being altered by the roaster general foreman, if necessary, in accordance with the results of the slag analysis, posted daily.

Calcine running about 14 percent sulphur, is obtained from the roasters. In the reverberatory, this is smelted to approximately a 25 percent matte when treating a 7 percent ore. The shrinkage on roasting is about 10 percent. Theoretically the matte should be lower in grade, but the converter slag running 3 percent copper, in the form of white metal, is returned to the reverberatory, so that it raises the grade to that stated. The gold and silver content of the matte is irregular, because of the spotty character of the ores in this respect, necessitating careful sampling of the resultant blister.

No limestone or other flux is used in the reverberatory. The average slag for May had the following analysis:
Copper, 0.37 percent; silica, 37.10; alumina, 9.90; FeO, 48.70; CaO and MgO, 3.00 percent (approximately). So long as the FeO is kept below 50 percent, a slag is obtained that is not too high in copper. The slag is quite pure, the ore containing no metals such as antimony, nickel, arsenic, cobalt, or lead. In April, practically the same slag as that in May, was obtained. During the first two or three months of operation, a rather basic slag was run, because of lack of siliceous ore.

The output of the converters in the first five months (ended June 1) was 12,030,338 lb. of blister copper, running 99.24 percent copper, 3.17 oz. gold, and 10.94 oz. silver per ton. No effort is made to produce a blister running over 99 percent. It customarily runs higher, nevertheless, at times as high as 99.5 percent. Shipments running 5.16 oz., 5.57 oz., and 5.89 oz. in gold, have recently been made. Blister is the only product shipped.

Converter slag at present obtained runs about 25 percent silica. It is poured back into the reverberatory. The slag desired, and which Mr. Boggs expects to get in time, would run 27.8 percent silica, 1.95 percent copper, and 48 percent iron. For flux he is using a material containing 60 to 65 percent silica, and 8 to 10 percent alumina. At first, this flux was charged to the converters by “boats” and ladles, which caused some trouble in the large converters; but since the installation of the Garr gun, there has been no trouble.

The only products retreated are the Cottrell dust, slag skulls, and some matte skulls. Slag and matte skulls are crushed and returned to the roasters, to be intimately mixed with the ore. The slag skulls contain magnetite, which always carries appreciable amounts of copper, gold, and silver. Some of the magnetite is formed in the converters and in the roasters, but there is some of it also in the ore. If a considerable quantity is present, clean separation of metal products is difficult.

The smelter force today comprises 200 men, 135 of whom are on operation, and 65 on mechanical work, yard labor, and warehouse, Only 5 percent of this number are experienced. Skilled labor is scarce. On blowing in the plant, only 12 experienced smeltermen were available, including the smelter superintendent. All, save two, came from Arizona.

In a region like the Rouyn district, high smelting costs might logically he looked for. Many handicaps aside from climate and isolation have been encountered. Costs equal to those obtained in Arizona have nevertheless been realized, according to Mr. Boggs, without any steam credit for the reverberatories, and with a much harder ore to crush and roast. The ore does not decrepitate in the roasters, thus making comparatively fine crushing necessary. The gangue carries considerable diabase (combined silica), which also has to be crushed fine in order that it may smelt readily.

414 Engineering and Mining Journal — Vol.126, No.11

rehab · CANADA MINING NEWS THE MINING JOURNAL 2 15 1931

The Boundary Red Mountain Mining Company, A. H. Westall, Sardis, British Columbia, has suspended operations in Whatcom County, Washington, until the spring thaws release water for the operation of the hydroelectric plant. The water comes from a stream having its source in a glacier, and will probably not be available before March 1. The United States Mint has paid $12,478 for the last cleanup, which was made shortly before Christmas.
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Net profit of the Howe Sound Company, for the quarter ended December 31, was reported as $391,137, after taxes and depreciation, but before depletion. The company earned 79 cents a share during the fourth quarter of 1930, against $1.42 in the same period of 1929. Reports of the company for the year 1930, compiled from quarterly records, show a net profit of $2,030,292, before depletion, against $3,662,475 the previous year. Howe Sound operates in Mexico, under the name of El Potosi Mining Company, and also in British Columbia.

rehab · CANADIAN MINING NEWS MINING JOURNAL 2 28 1931

CANADA MINING NEWS THE MINING JOURNAL 2 28 1931

Production from properties of the Howe Sound Company, operating the Potosí Mine, in Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Britannia Mine, in British Columbia, Canada, showed substantial increases in 1930, over 1929, compilation of quarterly reports indicate. In the last quarter of 1930, copper output fell off slightly due to curtailment measures adopted.

Howe Sound copper production in 1930 amounted to 45,266,927 pounds, compared with 43,082,641 pounds in 1929; lead output was 90,430,797 pounds, compared with 75,276,511 pounds; and zinc production, 59,120,464 pounds, compared with 53,455,920 pounds. Silver output of the company totaled 3,606,977 ounces in 1930, against 2,978,016 ounces produced during the previous year; and gold production amounted to 12,770 ounces, compared with 14,252 ounces.
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Production from properties of the Howe Sound Company, operating the Potosí Mine, in Chihuahua, Mexico, and the Britannia Mine, in British Columbia, Canada, showed substantial increases in 1930, over 1929, compilation of quarterly reports indicate. In the last quarter of 1930, copper output fell off slightly due to curtailment measures adopted. Howe Sound copper production in 1930 amounted to 45,266,927 pounds, compared with 43,082,641 pounds in 1929; lead output was 90,430,797 pounds, compared with 75,276,511 pounds; and zinc production, 59,120,464 pounds, compared with 53,455,920 pounds. Silver output of the company totaled 3,606,977 ounces in 1930, against 2,978,016 ounces produced during the previous year; and gold production amounted to 12,770 ounces, compared with 14,252 ounces.
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Deeds transferring the fee title to the Cumberland, Louisiana, and Montreal patented lode mining claims, together with the mill and equipment, to the Golden Chariot-War Eagle Mines Company, recently incorporated in Idaho, have been filed with the Register in Owyhee County, Idaho. These properties are located in the War Eagle Mountain District, about two miles from Silver City, and adjoin the Golden Chariot and Oro Fino claims, also acquired by the same company.

Ten years ago, title to the Cumberland property passed from the Gault Estate, of Montreal, Canada, to Harvey S. Greene, of Cohoes, New York. Its shaft is 410 feet deep, and is said to have produced approximately $600,000 in gold and silver, most of it high-grade ore, but work was discontinued when the cost of pumping prohibited a profitable operation.

Old records show that the Cumberland Vein was cut from the Golden Chariot Shaft, at a depth of 800 feet, and carried ore worth from $25 to $88 a ton, across a width of four feet. The new organization of which Kirby Thomas, mining engineer of New York City, is President, intends to move the mill and buildings to the Sinker Tunnel site, and work the Cumberland Vein from the Golden Chariot Shaft, through the Sinker Tunnel.
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rehab · CANADA MINING NEWS EMJ 10 28 1922

CANADA MINING NEWS EMJ 10 28 1922

Northern Ontario Silver Mines Get Reduced Express Rate E&MJ OCTOBER 28, 1922

The Express Traffic Association, partly as a result of the efforts of the Ontario Mining Association, has granted reductions in the rates on gold and silver bullion from northern Ontario. Rates on gold bullion from Porcupine and Kirkland, to Denver, Col., have been reduced to $6.45, and $5.15 per 41,000, respectively, a reduction of 60c. per $1,000. To Ottawa the reduction is 20c. per $1,000, the rates now being $2.10 and $1.80, respectively. Reductions on silver bullion to St. Johns and Halifax for export to England have been much greater, the new rate from Cobalt to either of these ports being $5.60 per $1,000, a reduction of $2.30 per $1,000.
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BRITISH COLUMBIA E&MJ OCTOBER 28, 1922

Consolidated M. & S. Co. Is Shipping Surplus Lead Bullion, to Bunker Hill Smelter, in Idaho

Smithers—J. F. Duthie, of Seattle, states that mining equipment, including a compressor and air drills, will be shipped to facilitate further development on the Aldrich, Henderson, and White Swan groups of silver-lead claims, Hudson Bay Mountain. He says further, that surveyors are now working on the mountain, preparatory to the erection of an aerial tramway from the mine, to the Smithers railway depot. One hundred tons of silver-lead ore is ready for shipment.
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Stewart—.Wier Brothers & Co. of New York, are reported to have under-taken the financing of work necessary in the development of the Daly-Alaska group. A strike of high-grade ore is reported as having been made on the Alaska-Premier, samples of the ore giving returns of 4.48 oz. of gold, and 26.9 oz. of silver.
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A prospect shaft is being sunk on the Big Missouri. It now is down about 60 ft. in good ore. The intention is to sink for another 25 or 50 ft.
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The Silver Bell group of eight claims has been bonded to E. J. Riebe and associates, of Seattle. This property is situated on the east side of the Portland Canal, at an elevation of 3,000 or 3,500 ft. There are three strong and distinct leads, all of which have been developed to some extent. They show gold and silver.
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Trail—The Consolidated Mining & Smeltings Co.’s plant is operating at capacity. The lead refinery has been unable to treat the product of the furnaces, and ‘75 tons of lead per day is being shipped to the Hunker Hill Smelter at Kellogg, Idaho, for refining. About 8,000 tons has been shipped.

Sandon—The number of men employed in the Slocan district has increased from approxiately 50 last year, to about 400 now on the payrolls of the district.
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ONTARIO E&MJ OCTOBER 28, 1922

High-grade Ore in Keeley Mine—Porcupine-Davidson Will Spend £100,060

Cobalt—A new high-grade oreshoot, stated to be one of the richest yet found in this vicinity, has been opened on the Woods vein, at the 7th level, of the Keeley property. The vein measures a foot wide in places. September production was 88,000 oz.
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McKinley’s September production was 52,000 oz. Some high grade is being mined from the recent discovery. The vein is wide but patchy.
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The O’Brien has concluded a deal for the purchase of the Bailey mill. The sale was made through the court, for the benefit of the Bailey bondholders, and the price is understood to be about $75,000. The O’Brien mill was burned a couple of months ago.
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During September the Nipissing mined ore of an estimated net value of $194,240, and shipped bullion, and residues, of an estimated net value of $235,000. The low-grade mill treated 6,884 tons, and the high-grade plant 201 tons.
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Kirkland Lake—The Kirkland mines are obtaining sufficient power for pumping purposes, but not enough for mining. The power company has decided to make a permanent work of replacing the burned sections of the transmission lines, which will take a longer time than was originally estimated for a temporary job. It is probable that power will not be turned on until the first of November.
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Thirty-four feet of drifting on the new vein of the Tough Oakes, recently found on the 4th level, gives an average assay of $44 across 60 in., according to an official announcement.
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The recent offering of 250,000 shares of Continental Mines, Ltd., at $5 per share, is said to have been oversubscribed.
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Porcupine—A discovery of extremely rich ore is reported from the 7th level of the Dome. September production was $428,000, and October production is being maintained at about this level.
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Hollinger has declared the regular four-weekly dividend of 1 percent, payable Nov. 4. At the 800 level, the company has entered into Schumacher ground, which the Hollinger recently purchased.

At a recent meeting of the Porcupine-Davidson, held in London, the president announced that the sinking of the proposed 1,000-ft. shaft, and the building of a 500-ton mill, would be completed in eighteen months, at an estimated expenditure of £100,000. An agreement has been entered into, whereby the money is loaned for two years, at 5 percent interest, and there is a definite arrangement between the vendor company, and Mitchelson Partners, Ltd., whereby English and Canadian interests in the mines become equal. Well-known engineers have questioned the accuracy of published statements of the ore reserves.
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YUKON TERRITORY E&MJ OCTOBER 28, 1922
Lower Grade Ore Is Accumulating at Mayo

Mayo — The Keno Hill property shipped 8,100 tons of high-grade ore, to the Selby smelter, at San Francisco, during the summer. The experiment of transporting ore from the mine to river boats, by tractor trucks, which carry from 25 to 30 tons a load, is proving satisfactory. Important strikes are reported from the Beaver country, about 50 miles from here. Not much was known about them yet, but there were indications that the whole district is richly mineralized, and several outfits had been taken in to continue work all winter. Next summer, both the Keno Hill and Alaska Treadwell Co. will install reduction plants for the treatment of low-grade ore. At present only ore running from $100 a ton, up, can be shipped, and great dumps of the lower grade have been accumulating. Many of the placer companies, which have not been operating since early in the war, are planning to resume work next year.
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rehab · CANADA MINING NEWS MINING & SCIENTIFIC PRESS 5 14 1921

MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS May 14, 1921

CANADA

BRITISH COLUMBIA

Rossland.—There promises to be greater activity here than for some time. The Consolidated company’s mines are operating, and recently Douglas Lay has arrived from London, to assume the management of the Le Roi No. 2 mine, better known now as the Josie. Lay states that machinery for a concentrating plant had been ordered and would be erected as soon as it arrived. There is considerable ore in the mine that is too low grade for shipment directly to the smelter, and it is to handle this ore that the concentrator is planned.

Mr. Lay, at one time, was in charge of the Van Roi mine, at Silverton.—The Rossland Velvet Mines, Ltd., has taken over the Velvet mine, and will push development and production during the year. Last year this property produced a considerable tonnage of ore running from 5% to 20% copper, and $10 to $20 in gold.
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Vancouver.—Work on the design of a new mill to replace the one recently burned at the Britannia mine, has been started, and as soon as the plans are completed, work on the mill will be started. It is feared that there will be difficulty in obtaining delivery of some of the machinery, and it is not expected that the mill will be completed before the early part of next year. It is understood that the mill will not differ greatly, either in design or capacity, from the one destroyed. The Britannia company is in a strong finacial position, and will not have to await the insurance settlement before starting work on the new mill.
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-A syndicate has been formed to develop a gold discovery at the Ellen group, Shuttle Island, one of the Queen Charlotte group. The group was staked in 1918, but recently rich gold-quartz ore has been found—
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—A. S. T. Taylor, president of the Taylor Mining Co., is returning from England, where he went with the object of interesting capital for the erection of a concentrating plant and other equipment at the Dolly Varden Mine.
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Stewart.—T. A. Graham, of the Riblet Tramway Co., and four expert mechanics, have arrived to start the erection of the aerial tramway for the Premier Gold Mining Co. Two carloads of machinery have arrived, and another carload was shipped from Seattle, on May 6. The cables are being provided by John A. Roebling’s Sons Co.; the running-cable will be 5/8 in., and will come in 15,000-ft. lengths; the down-track cable will be 1 in. and the return 7/8 in. Eleven and a half miles of the two last, and 23 miles of the first will be required.

——Albert Peterson and partner have commenced rawhiding ore from the Silverado group. The ore is said to assay $1000 per ton.

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ONTARIO
Porcupine.—!n addition to a general speeding up of activity in the producing area, much interest is being shown in a widely extended outlying district surrounding the proven gold-bearing territory. Active exploration has been commenced in many directions, and the field is likely to extend over a width of ten miles and a length of about 40 miles.
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Toronto.—The Ontario government has withdrawn the bill introduced in the Legislature providing for increased mining taxation, owing to the strong opposition met in the mining districts. There is a general feeling of relief among mining men, as great apprehension was entertained that the passage of the measure would discourage investments in mining properties.
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A CANADIAN PATENT has been granted to M. H. Caron, whose process for the treatment of manganese silver ores will be, recalled, for the extraction of nickel from silicate ores. By this method the material is subjected to a preparatory reducing roast, cooled under non-oxidizing conditions, and treated by suitable solution methods.

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rehab · CANADA MINING NEWS MINING & SCIENTIFIC PRESS 5 1 1920

May 1, 1920 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS

EDITORIAL

The Dolly Varden-

The name of the heroine in ‘Barnaby Rudge’ has been given to a silver mine, that is the talk of British Columbia. How it was discovered, is related by Mr. A. J. T. Taylor, in an article appearing in this issue. Mr. Taylor indeed tells the story of the enterprise from the start, and explains how he, not a mining man, became involved in the legal complications that have made the Dolly Varden famous in the Northwest.

We can supplement his account of the affair, with information from other sources. The first president of the Dolly Varden Mines Company, the late J. D. Hubbard, of Chicago, was Vice-president of the Goldfield Consolidated, of Nevada, which company lent $150,000, on a mortgage, on the Dolly Varden properties. The working capital proved insufficient, and apparently Mr. George Wingfield, the President of the Goldfield Consolidated, was unwilling to fund more.

Hence the troubles that ensued. In 1918, the building of the railroad, on which a profitable maintenance of output depended, was stopped, and a quarrel arose with the contractors, the Taylor Engineering Company. Negotiations for the sale of the Dolly Varden, to the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting & Power Company, were terminated abruptly. This may be regarded as a misfortune, for the acquisition of the property by the Granby company would have been logical, in regards to the accessibility of its smelter at Anyox, and its undoubted ability to bring the Dolly Varden enterprise to fruition.

Next enters the Temiskaming Mining Company, of Ontario, in the person of Mr. Joseph Errington, a director living in California. Mr. Errington is a mining engineer. In October 1918, Mr. Taylor came to him at the Vancouver Hotel, and invited him to become interested in a deal for the Dolly Varden. Mr. Taylor showed him the reports made by Messrs. Henry Krumb, and Carl O. Lindberg, for the Dolly Varden Company, and by Messrs. J. A. Bancroft and E. J. Conway, for the Granby company. Mr. Taylor urged haste, because he was being threatened by his creditors, who proposed to attach both his engineering works, and his private property. He promised Mr. Hubbard’s concurrence in the proposed deal. The price was to be $1,000,000, of which $150,000 was to be cash, for the payment of the Taylor Engineering Company’s liabilities on account of wages, which were to be settled at a discount. The terms were telegraphed to Mr. John P. Bickell, President of the Temiskaming Company at Cobalt, and to Mr. Hubbard at Chicago.

The latter replied that the Wingfield mortgage on the Dolly Varden would have to be satisfied, before any new deal could be ratified. This obstacle appears to have been overcome, and in December 1918, the Temiskaming directors approved the arrangement, but as soon as the first payment was placed on deposit at Vancouver, the creditors of the Taylor Engineering Company increased their demands. Hubbard could not agree upon the amount that Taylor was to receive, and the negotiations broke down, because no clear title could be given to the Temiskaming Company.

As last arranged, the Temiskaming was to pay $150,000 in cash, $250,000 was to be secured by notes, and $500,000 was to come from 50% of the net profit earned by the mine. We have reason to know that Messrs. Hubbard and Errington did not stipulate for a commission, as stated in the report of the Legislative Committee, but that when negotiations apparently had been satisfactorily concluded, Mr. Hubbard’s directors offered him $25,000 for his trouble and expenses, whereupon the Temiskaming directors followed suit, voting a similar bonus to Mr. Errington. This was embodied in the contract, and was subject to the mine proving profitable.

The failure of the negotiations, and the worries incidental to them, affected the health of Mr. Hubbard. He died last summer [1919]. Then came the enactment by the Legislature of British Columbia, in itself a most extraordinary interference with a private quarrel between citizens, excusable only on the ground that the railroad to the Dolly Varden, was being built by the Taylor Company, under charter from the Provincial Government. The Dolly Varden Company, of course, has brought suit against both Mr. Taylor, and the Government of British Columbia, and the issue will be left to the courts, because on April 11, the Federal Department of Justice, at Ottawa, refused to disallow the Dolly Varden Mines Railway Act, of March 28, 1919.

It remains to say that we have seen the report made by Mr. C. D. Kaeding, in January 1919, for the Temiskaming company. Mr. Kaeding is Manager for the Dome Mines Company at Porcupine, and an engineer of high repute. The Dolly Varden Mine had been diamond-drilled, and sampled by previous appraisers, whose reports were available. Mr. Kaeding found 88,590 tons of 22-oz. ore in the Dolly Varden, and 50,000 tons of 15-oz. ore in the Wolf property, making a total of 1,601,854 ounces of silver in reserve. He estimated the working cost at $6.10 per ton, so that a profit of $900,000 seemed assured. The natural market for this ore is the smelter at Anyox, which needs it to mix with the ore from the Hidden Creek Mine, of the Granby company.

This company, in June 1918, made an agreement to smelt Dolly Varden ore, up to 400 tons daily, at $1.50 per ton, returning 95% of the gross silver contents. The silicious flux needed at Anyox is costing the Granby about $3.50 per ton, and it carries no appreciable precious-metal contents, so that the function of the Dolly Varden, in this respect is quite plain. It is estimated that quartz containing two ounces of silver per ton, could be landed at the wharf for $2 per ton. Another available market is at Tacoma, but it would be more natural to smelt and refine the Dolly Varden output, in British Columbia itself. The silver occurs mostly as argentite, but also as proustite and native metal, with galena, zinc-blende, and rhodochrosite, in a quartzose sheer-zone in andesite. The mine is full of promise, but it needs capital and experienced management. Mr. Taylor is to be complimented upon his courageous effort to develop the enterprise, and we hope that he will succeed in so adjusting the conflicting interests, that a well-organized company, with plenty of money, and skilful management, will be enabled to pull the Dolly Warden out of its troubles, financial and legal, into a position of assured productiveness and prosperity.
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REHAB NOTES:

I removed a lot of narrative from this scan, as it had to do with legal troubles, findings, judgment, and legal dealings not partiocularly interesting, and certainly without names and other particulars.

summary of deletion: The Dolly Varden Mine company commissioned Taylor Engineering to build a railroad to the mine on a cost plus basis. Through a death and other wrangling, owners of the Dolly Varden Mines stiffed the Taylor Company. 5 years of wrangling in court, DV Mines won out, but then defaulted on the agreement, which left Taylor Engineering in possession of the mines, mill, railroad, and easements. Taylor went on to make a lot of money after beating out all the cheating scoundrels.

So here is what's left of the narrative:

The Story of the Dolly Varden Mine

By A. J. T. TAYLOR

The Dolly Varden Mine, and the railway bearing the same name, have been before the public since the fall of 1918, owing, first, to the dispute between the original owners, the Dolly Varden Mines Company of Chicago, and the Taylor Engineering Company of Vancouver, which resulted in special legislation at the last session of the Provincial Parliament of British Columbia, and a transfer of the property from the Dolly Varden company, first to the Taylor Engineering Company, and from it, to the present owner, the Taylor Mining Company Limited, and, second, to the fact that since the first of September 1919, the property has produced nearly five hundred thousand ounces of silver. The purpose of this article is to give a history of the property, and a brief account of the vicissitudes that brought about the change of ownership.

The Dolly Varden is situated in the Portland Canal district of British Columbia, 18 miles from the Granby Consolidated Company’s Hidden Creek Mine and Anyox smelter. Claims themselves are 17 miles up the Kitsault River, at the head of Alice Arm, Observatory Inlet, in the Skeena mining division, at an altitude of 1700 ft.

The Dolly Varden railway parallels the Kitsault Canyon, from the mine to Alice Arm, and is the only means of local transport.

The discovery was made in 1914, on a projecting outcrop some 40 ft. wide, by a prospector, Ole Evindsen, now the proprietor of the Alice Arm Hotel. Ole is not the pioneer prospector in the Alice Arm district. This distinction goes to Tom Stark, whose proud boast is that he “was the first white man in that country’’. The authentic history of the discovery of the property and the naming of the mine has been taken by me direct from Mr. Evindsen, and is interesting enough to recount in full.

“I had heard talk of mineral wealth, so I left Prince Rupert, and came up here with three other chaps in the Spring of 1912. We packed in grub, and set out up the Kitsault River. None of us had been up there before, but we were hoping to find some good claims. One night, just after we started, one of the chaps, Ole Pearson, had a dream. His uncle had died a few months before. Ole told us that his uncle had come to him in a dream the night before, ‘and had showed him a big white boulder and some rocks, and said: ‘You are going to find a big mine, which will make you rich so that you will not need to work for the rest of your life. You will go on until you find this boulder, and these rocks, and then you must stake the claim, and the name you must give it is the Dolly Varden claim.’

‘When Ole Pearson told his dream next morning, his companions received it with amused interest and hope. Days passed as the little company fought their way up, through the dangerous canyon without sight of mineral. Then two of the company went back for supplies, while Ole Evindsen and his companion Pearson struggled on.

‘‘We took different paths, about 75 yards apart. I took the higher ground to prospect’, said Evindsen. ‘‘Then I saw in the bare andesite a streak of gray rock that looked like it carried silver. With my hammer I broke down the capping of the rock, and saw that I had uncovered a vein that looked like very rich silver ore.’’

While Evindsen was examining his new find, Ole Pearson let out a yell, ‘‘I’ve found the mine: I’ve found the mine,” he cried in great excitement.

‘‘I’ve found one too; stay where you are,’’ called back Evindsen, who, as the more experienced prospector, finished his search before lowering himself down to where Pearson was waiting.

‘‘Where’s your mineral?” asked Evindsen, as he handed his own samples over to Pearson and looked around for signs of a vein or lode. “I haven’t found any mineral, but here’s the boulder that my uncle showed me in my dream; and here’s the rocks, and the river, and the trees, and everything exactly as my uncle showed me in my dream,’’ insisted Pearson.

What with Evindsen’s vein, and Ole Pearson’s boulder, the two prospectors concluded that the finger of Fate was really pointing their way. They started to stake their claims, and make arrangements to record it. “Say, what is the name your uncle said we were to call the claim?” asked Evindsen. Hanged if I can remember,” admitted Ole Pearson at last, after vainly trying to cudgel his brain. So far as Evindsen was concerned the name had slipped his memory. All that day, and all the next day, the two lone prospectors sat around trying to think up that elusive name, feeling that they could not afford to take chances on any other. At last, hope came. The two companions hove in sight with the grub. Without disclosing their find Ole Evindsen put the fateful question: ‘‘What was the name of that claim that Ole Pearson’s uncle told him?” A moment’s pause, and then the answer came: ‘‘It was the Dolly Varden.”

Since then, the original Dolly Varden property has been enlarged by later locations, so that there is now the Dolly Varden No. 1, the Dolly Varden No. 2, and so on, up to eight claims.

“How do you account for Ole Pearson getting that name ‘Dolly Varden’ in his dream?” I asked. Ole Evindsen pulled at his pipe, and spoke reflectively. “I have tried to think that out;” he said, “and I think I know where it came from. There was a book in the camp that we all used to take up, and read now and then, and I see that it tells about Dolly Varden, the actress, in it. We all used to take a turn at the book, and I think Ole Pearson must have read the name, and it came back to him in his dream.”

He anticipated the next question by adding: “But the thing that puzzles me is that boulder and those rocks, just as Ole’s uncle showed him in the dream. None of us had ever been up into that country before, and Ole says that everything is just exactly as he saw it in the dream. And she’s turned out to be a mine, just as the dream said,” he added.

In 1914, H. B. McGinnis, of San Francisco, took a bond on the Dolly Varden group, from Evindsen, and a similar bond on the Wolf group, two miles farther up the canyon, from the original locator, Donald W. Cameron. Early in 1916, Mr. McGinnis re-bonded both properties to the Dolly Varden Mines Company of Chicago, organized under the laws of the State of Delaware by the late J. D. Hubbard.

Mr. McGinnis explored the property by extensive tunneling, and diamond-drilling, and thereupon exercised the option on both the Dolly Varden, and the Wolf, claims. At the outset, the Dolly Varden company proposed to build a concentrator at the mine, and to ship the concentrate over a trail, that it proceeded to construct from the mine, to Alice Arm. In the fall of 1916, the company found that the trail would not be adequate for its purposes, and in 1917, it applied to the Legislature for a charter to build a narrow-gauge railroad connecting the mine, with tidewater. This was granted under the Dolly Varden Railway Act 1917, the terms of which required the company to ‘complete a narrow-gauge railway, from Alice Arm, to the Wolf mine, by December 1918, in default of which the charter became null and void.

After the passage of the Act by the legislature of British Columbia, the company employed the Taylor Engineering Company to build the railway on the basis of cost, plus a percentage, and in its desire for a speedy completion of the road, the company desired the work to proceed without full surveys and profiles. Although the first few miles were easy, the construction at the upper end, through the canyon of the Kitsault River, proved exceedingly difficult and expensive. Portions that the mining company’s preliminary survey had shown to be grassy slopes, proved to be moss-covered rock, while the last several miles of the road involved heavy rock-cutting, and necessitated many bridges and trestles.

The close of 1917 found the railway uncompleted, owing to the difficulties of construction, labor troubles, and steamship strikes, the net result of which, was that the road cost more than was anticipated, and the Dolly Varden company was unable to realize on the ore that it had ready for shipment. In the Spring of 1918, the Dolly Varden company entered into negotiations for the sale of the property, to the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting & Power Co. The Taylor Engineering Company carried on the construction of the road for some time on its own capital.

The DOLLY VARDEN PROPERTY consists of eight claims, covering 212 acres, and extending from the river, to the summit of the ridge, between the Kitsault River, and Evindsen Creek. The camp and principal mine workings are about 1700 ft. above sea-level.

The orebodies occur as replacement deposits along fracture-zones in andesite. The wall-rock has been replaced by quartz, accompanied by considerable pyrite and smaller amounts of galena, sphalerite, native silver, ruby silver, argentite, and rhodochrosite. The maximum width of the lode is 80 ft., but it has not been followed continuously along the strike for more than 60 ft., as it has been faulted both before and after the deposition of the ore, the displacement apparently taking place in a north-westerly direction. The lode has a general east and west strike, and dips north at from 450 to 700. It was first exposed by a series of cross-cuts and later by four tunnels and diamond-drilling. The development in June 1919, when the Taylor Engineering Co. came into possession, consisted of 2086 ft. of drifts and cross-cuts, 280 ft. of open-cuts, and 8990 ft. of drill-holes. A large amount of work has been done since then.
The ore-reserves estimated in June 1919 consisted of 40,500 tons of ore averaging 36.4 oz. silver.

The Wolf claims are about two miles farther up, and on the opposite side of the Kitsault River. They comprise four claims, covering 179 acres. The outcrops range in elevation from 420 ft. to 1780 ft. above sea-level. The geology of the Wolf ground is similar to that of the Dolly Varden, except that the veins appear to be more regular, as no displacement of any consequence occurs. The development in June 1919, consisted of 85 ft. of drifts and cross-cuts, 772 ft. of open-cuts, and 4919 ft. of diamond-drilling.

Three veins have been exposed; they have a strike a few degrees east of north, and dip 500 to 750 north-west. The width varies from 10 to 30 ft. In general, the walls are well defined, and the estimated probable and possible ore in the Wolf has been placed at 120,000 tons of 15.4 oz. Silver, and 430,000 tons of 3.1 oz., or an average of 550,000 tons of 5.7-oz. ore.

The company owns water-power rights on Trout creek, immediately adjoining the Wolf claims, from which it is estimated that an ultimate development of 2500 hp. is possible.

The Taylor Engineering Co. came into possession of the railway and mining properties on June 10, 1919, and during the season just closed, they completed the railway to the mine, built a 2000-ft. aerial tramway from No. 4 tunnel, to the railway grade, installed a. steam-driven compressor of 550 cu. ft., equipped the mine, and commenced shipping on September 1. Between that date and the close of the railway on December 15, there was delivered to the smelters, or in transit, ore containing a total of 458,994 ozs. of silver. The rim-of-mine ore averaged 56.4 oz. per ton. During the season, a deposit of native silver was uncovered, that up to date has yielded something over 100,000 oz, the smelter returns from this ore, ranging from 1200 to 2500 ounces.

At the present time, the railway is closed down by snow, and a force of 50 men is at work at the mine, driving a low-level tunnel 230 ft. below the workings. A small amount of high-grade ore is being sacked and shipped by dog-sleighs, and a certain amount of the run-of-mine ore is being delivered over the tramway, to the railway terminal, to form a reserve for shipment in the spring.

DOLLY VARDEN PROPERTY IS MARKED BY SHADING

rehab · CANADA MINING NEWS MINING & SCIENTIFIC PRESS 5 1 1920

May 1, 1920 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS

CANADA

The production of asbestos in Quebec, during 1919, totalled 185,861 tons, valued at $10,982,189. This is apart from the value of the asbestic, a by-product of the asbestos mills, which gave 23,827 tons, valued at $68,011. As compared with 1918, it is an increase in value of $1,912,290, or 21.2%, and a decrease of 6514 tons, or 4.6% in quantity. The quantity of rock mined and hoisted was 3,061,690 tons. Taking into consideration stocks on hand, 154,878 tons of asbestos was extracted from this ore, which corresponds to an average of 100.8 lb., valued at $3.88 per ton of rock mined.

In 1918, the average was 117.3 lb., valued at $4.08, and 108.7 lb., valued at $3.08 in 1917.
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May 1, 1920 MINING AND SCIENTIFIC PRESS

BRITISH COLUMBIA

‘DAYLIGHT SAVING’ AT TRAIL.

ALICE ARM —A tunnel has been driven on the Muskateer claims, by A. McGuire, for J. D. Meenach, of Seattle. It is reported that this work disclosed some high-grade ore.
Satisfactory results are said to have been obtained by the diamond-drilling that has been in progress on the Tiger group for some time.
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PRINCE RUPERT —Attention has been drawn by the Prince Rupert Board of Trade, to the limonite deposit of the Copper River district, situated near Copper City. Reference is made to the coalfields of that locality, it being claimed that these contain the finest coking coal of the Province The businessmen of Prince Rupert, fear that the Provincial government and individuals or corporations, in their investigation of the iron and steel possibilities of British Columbia, will overlook these resources, together with the availability of water power, and necessary fluxes.
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PRINCETON —The Horn Silver Mining Co., situated in the Similkameen district, is operating again, after a period of idleness, weekly shipments of from 45 to 50 tons being sent to the Tacoma smelter. The lessees are working on a vein varying in width from 18 in. to 6 ft., the ore of which contains gold and silver. An aerial tramway carries the ore from the mine, to the bunkers, whence it is transported by wagon, to the railway.
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ROSSLAND.—The surface equipment of the White Bear Mine was destroyed by fire recently. Flames first were seen bursting from the compressor-house. This was soon destroyed, afterwhich the mine-shaft and some unoccupied houses were reduced to ruins. The transformer house was saved by packing snow about it.
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SLOGAN CITY —A stringer of ore has been opened on the fifth level of the Ottawa Mine, near Slocan, which assays from 800 to 3000 oz. silver per ton, is reported. The vein was observed during the cleaning out of a drift, and it was thought that it contained only about one sack of ore. Development appears to have disproved this, and 10 cars already have been taken out, and the vein is now exposed for 20 ft., with a width up to 18 inches.
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TRAIL —The town of Trail, smelter centre of the Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co., proposes introducing ‘daylight saving’ this summer without regard to what action may be decided upon elsewhere. The company ‘s clocks were set ahead an hour at midnight, on April 15. Employees in and around the smelter, expressed a preference for this arrangement, and the management acquiesced. Ore receipts at the smelter for the week, April 1 to 7, were 4588 tons, making the total for the year, to date, 77,834 tons. The independent shippers were the Donohue, Nicola, 35 tons; the Emerald, Salmo, 41 ; the Josie, Rossland, 172; the North Star, Kimberley, 86; the Ptarmigan, Athlamer, 25; and the Spokane Trinket, Ainsworth, 46. The Sullivan Mine, Kimberland, contributed 3978 tons of zinc, and 205 tons of lead ore.
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VANCOUVER — The ‘Assayers’ Examination Board’ has completed a special examination of seven candidates, who recently completed a five-month course of study at the British Columbia University, under the auspices of the Soldiers Civil Re-establishment Board. Four were successful, and will receive certificates entitling them to practice their profession in British Columbia. They are E. D. Beilby, V. R. Thirkel, T. J. Laing, and F. W. Broughton.

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ONTARIO

LABOR CONDITIONS TO IMPROVE IN PORCUPINE.

P0RCUPINE —Since the recent increase in the rate of wages, labor conditions have been more satisfactory and harmonious. There is less restlessness among the miners, and a greater disposition to remain steadily at work, in place of moving from camp to camp.
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With the coming of Springtime, logging season has closed, and many engaged in lumber camps during the winter, are looking for employment at the mines, which will probably tend to increase production.
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Diamond-drilling of the Dome Extension has been started by the Dome Mines to determine the extensions of known veins, and ascertain whether the ore body developed on Dome Extension, on the 600-ft. level, continues at depth.
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COBALT —At the annual meeting of the Beaver Consolidated, on April 15, a dividend of 3% was announced, being the first in two years. Frank L. Culver, president, stated that the company had taken over the Prince property, adjoining, and that underground development had been begun from the 1400-ft. level of the Beaver. The ore-reserves were estimated at 25,000 tons. The Kerr Lake, during March, produced 99,400 oz. of silver, valued at approximately $118,286. The company will at once begin treatment of the ore on the dump, amounting to about 80,000 tons, which has been accumulating for some years.
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The Northern Customs Concentrator Co. is now un-watering the No. 2 shaft of the Chambers-Ferland, situated on the section of that property purchased a few months ago. No. 16 vein of the Chambers-Ferland, is producing a good quantity of milling ore, and some high-grade material.
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Arrangements are being made to extend the scope of operations on the Genessee. A winze will be put down from the 500-ft. level, as it is estimated that the conglomerate formation extends at least 110 ft. downward. The vein on which the winze is to be sunk, has a width in some places of from 12 to 15 in. and silver occurs in patches upon the wall, and in small stringers, which are offshoots of the main vein.
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The McKinley-Darragh is preparing to resume the pumping of old sand from the bed of Cobalt Lake. A considerable quantity of tailing remains to be treated, which is expected to keep the mill in operation all this season, and part of next year.
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Up to the latter part of April, the silver-producing companies of Northern Ontario continue to withhold their bullion from the market, apparently with the belief that the recession in quotations for commercial bar-silver is but temporary.
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Milling equipment for the Keeley mine in South Lorrain, was transported to the mine before the winter roads broke up, and the management is now free to proceed with the erection without delay.
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GOWGANDA—The speedy construction of a light narrow-gauge railway from Elk Lake, appears assured, as a charter for that purpose has been granted to the Northern Light Railways Co. This will relieve the difficulty under which this district has labored, owing to lack of transportation facilities. Leading operators have for some time, been endeavoring to induce the Provincial Government to construct a standard-gauge railway, but having failed in this, will support the other project.
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LARDER LAKE —At the annual meeting of the Associated Goldfields, on April 16, G. A. MacKay, president, reported liquid assets in hand, amounting to $1,048,662, and total liabilities of $11,164. During the year, $169,258 had been spent on development. Diamond drilling had shown high-grade ore bodies at least 500 ft. below the surface, of an average value of $11.15 per ton. The company is building its first milling unit of 1000 tons daily capacity. A pool exists among the shareholders, who were all bound not to dispose of their stock before July 1. The meeting decided to extend the pooling arrangement to 30 days after the mill is in operation, and not later than January 1, 1921. H. C. Cooke, formerly with the Canadian Geological Survey, has been engaged as the company’s geologist.

rehab · YUKON GOLD MAP M&S PRESS SEPTEMBER 4, 1915

Hey dude! an old map. A GOLD Map at that. NOT EXACTLY close to Nevada, but may present potential next summer.

STARS represent gold finds- as in mines, strikes, placers. Maybe they're waiting for you and your detector to come along

rehab · EMJ MARCH 25 1922 THE PAS REGION OF CANADA

March 25, 1922 ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL 477

The Pas Region of Canada

Incited thereto by an editorial in the last issue of the Engineering and Mining Journal on prospecting possibilities, which mentions The Pas region, in Canada, I am setting down a few facts as to that country.

Extending eastward from the boundary line between Saskatchewan and Manitoba, at Amisk Lake, for 125 miles, is an area approximately twenty to twenty-five miles wide, composed of pre-Cambrian rocks essentially of a mineral-bearing character. Irregularly, on the south this region, is bounded by the northerly limits of the overlying limestone; and the district itself is composed of large granite areas, massive and intrusive greenstones, schists, conglomerates, and other rock formations.

The country has been glaciated; it has many lakes, and the land areas are covered, generally, either by moss, soil, or swamp. There are no railways, no near bases for supplies, no traveled routes other than those used for a hundred and fifty years, by the fur trader, and before him, by Indians. To the northward, toward the Barren Grounds and Reindeer Lake, lies a great area of banded gneisses, delimiting the more promising formation above noted. It has been reported that in this gneiss, there are bands of schists and other rocks, showing mineral possibilities, but as to this, little is yet known.

No thorough prospecting of the 2,500 square miles of the region has been conducted—it has been utterly impossible. The finds that have been made have been where routes of travel, or game-running have accidentally led to discoveries. It seems unreasonable to believe that all, or any considerable part of the probable discoveries, have been made. One will not find here, as he does in Colorado or Arizona, for instance, the prospect holes of forgotten and ubiquitous sourdoughs dotting every hillside, and exposed in the most difficult or unpromising localities. The quartz veins stick up out of the swamps; the sulphide bodies are soft, and were eroded by glacial action, until they are hidden for the most part, by swamp moss or by lakes; so one finds that the number of gold discoveries is far in excess of the number of copper finds.

Scores of gold-bearing quartz veins have been found and opened, many of them of a character that will make a profit to their owners when facilities for development and treatment are at hand. Two important copper sulphide bodies have been found so far, Mandy and Flin Flon. The first of these is comparatively small, but from it, there have been shipped thousands of tons of wonderfully rich ore. The latter is large, but of low grade, and can be worked only when there are railway connections and smelters adjacent. Mandy ore was hauled thirty-five miles on sleighs, through the forests, loaded into scows, towed down wild northern lakes, and through shallow and narrow channels, and shot down rapids, to The Pas, and thence railed halfway across a continent, to a smelter.

An area covering about 1,600,000 acres of country, whose general geological character is favorable to minrealization, cannot be said to be explored when a few scores, or hundreds of prospectors have paddled up its lakes, shot its rapids, and portaged across its connecting trails during a comparatively brief period, it is a difficult region to examine.

Cumberland House, the Hudson’s Bay post down on the Saskatchewan, is the nearest outfitting point. The trails were made more than a hundred years ago by fur traders; for the benefit of their brigades. Swamps and rock ridges, and dense growths of forest and brush, discourage all wanderings off the paths.

It would be unfair to the region to presuppose that Mandy and Flin Flon are the only important copper bodies likely to be opened in that area; as stated above, erosion probably has reduced the croppings of such deposits, to an extent that hides them in the depressions filled by swamps, muskegs, and the like, and it will be by intensive prospecting only, that they will be unearthed, and it may be that during a period of many years, important discoveries will be made. Even the harder quartz ledges are found but slowly, in unexpected localities, and somewhat continuously.

The Mining Corporation of Canada now owns a majority interest in Flin Flon, having bought the shares held by most of the minor holders. Arrangements may be made for connection by railway, which railway would run through, and open a considerable extent of the district. This would facilitate exploration and increase of activity throughout the region.

One consideration should not be forgotten, and that is, that news stories originating at The Pas, and printed by newspapers outside, are likely to be exaggerated. People there are so anxious for a boom in the region, and so ignorant of what constitutes a mineral discovery of economic possibility, that they play up whatever chances to sound well; and they are misled, innocently enough, by the preposterous tales of prospectors.

Duluth, Minn. DWIGHT E. WOODBRIDGE.

rehab · EMJ JANUARY 25 1921 KENO HILL- YUKON

JANUARY 15, 1921 ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL 109

BY THE WAY

Keno Hill

History seemingly repeated itself at Keno Hill, the scene of the important silver discovery in the Mayo area, in Yukon Territory, about 150 miles west of the great gold center at Dawson. One is reminded of the early days at Leadville, where the placer miners in California Gulch cursed the heavy carbonate of lead that impeded their washing operations, not knowing its nature, or its valuable silver content. In similar manner, prospectors, led by the lure of gold years ago to Duncan Creek, at the foot of Keno Hill, ignored the galena float they found in their sluice boxes, and eventually passed on, leaving their chance to fame and fortune behind them. It remained for Louis Beauvette, a seasoned prospector, to discover the rich silver ore, and stake the discovery claim, on July 10, 1919, on the hill, where years before he had often hunted the mountain sheep. Over 500 claims have been staked.

Keno Hill is a wedge-shaped ridge about eight miles long and five miles wide, lying between creeks, according to Dr. Cockfield, of the Dominion Geological Survey. Its northern slope is rugged, even precipitous in places, and the southern slope is gentler, being controlled by the dip of the strata. The rocks exposed are schist and gneiss, cut by greenstones, and smaller bodies of quartz porphyry and granite porphyry. The main veins of the hill striking N. 30-40 deg. E. and dipping 50 to 70 deg. Southeast, are persistent for considerable distances, and are cut off by a series of transverse fractures at an angle of about 70 deg.

The most extensive work to date has been done by the Yukon Gold Co., which secured options just after the first few claims were staked, since which time it has taken over the six central claims on which silver was first found. These are to be developed by a subsidiary company known as Keno Hill, Ltd. The warning given by a writer in the Dawson News is worth repeating. “The development of a rich camp like Mayo, is certain to attract speculators of a kind who will be more anxious to obtain options, and float companies on terms more beneficial to themselves, than conducive to the welfare of the country.”

You Can Dine Well in Yukon

Childrens’ restaurant is our pet aversion, and in our lighter moments we are fond of comparing the menus of other establishments far and near, with that which it puts forth. In the last two years we have heard how miners were leaving Alaska and other parts of the North; how costs were mounting and conditions steadily worsening. Perhaps things have taken a turn for the better. At any rate, the Arcade Café, in Dawson, puts forth a menu, an “All-Yukon” menu, it calls it, which compares more than favorably with many New York bills of fare.

To quote from it, chicken a la Eldorado is but a dollar a throw; Bonanza Basin dill pickles and Quartz Creek pickles, two bits a portion each. Boiled Yukon salmon, baked Galena Creek greyling, or fried Tullibee, the latter with Twelvemile silver chips, may be had for six bits each, to say nothing of the All-Yukon dinner for the same price. Among the entrées are grilled caribou steak, with Mount Rambler mushroom sauce, at six bits and Lookout Mountain moose steak with bacon, at a dollar. Grilled Keno Hill ptarmigan, a la Axel Erickson, is more expensive, at a dollar, two bits. Leg of Sixtymile caribou with wild current jelly is listed at six bits, and Duncan Creek grouse, a la Louis Beauvette (Louis discovered Keno Hill), at double the price, will conclude the recital, though the half has not been told. The Arcade calls itself “the most famous restaurant of the Land of the Midnight Sun—Mecca of the tourist, and home of the sourdough—Headquarters of the All-Yukon dinner, the meal that keeps the money at home, and proves that Yukon is the great food-producing belt of the continent.”

Comparatively Warm

Keno Hill enjoys a climate that, though not exactly comparable with that of Palm Beach or Bermuda, is such that some in the Far North consider it a not unpleasant place to be in. There, it is said, the temperature seldom ever registers more than 15 to 20 deg. below zero, in winter, though in the valleys below, it drops in cold spells to 50 and 60 below, or even further, sometimes reaching a point where no doubt, even the currency contracts. In spite of its mild climate, however, there will be many who will wait till warmer weather before rushing to the district.

A New Oil Rush

A mechanical engineer in building air castles might be forgiven if he inadvertently reached the conclusion that because this old globe revolves so smoothly there must be a lot of oil around the poles. However this may be, there is a rush up toward the Arctic Circle again. This time it is for oil, not for gold. Prospectors are heading for the Mackenzie River, to the new oil field at Fort Norman. Although winter is closing in, hundreds of adventurers are said to have set out with pack trains and dog sleds to stake claims before the rush starts in the Spring. Indeed, it looks as if the rush had already begun. In order to protect the foolish against themselves, the North West Police are forbidding all to continue who are not fit, or adequately provisioned.

On the Kougarok

Of the Kougarok River near Nome, Alaska, it is said that he who drinks of its waters never tells the truth again. The miners who once swaggered about the Kougarok diggings, drew on their imagination so liberally in dealing with others, that the saying arose “Divide by eight what the Kougarok miners say.”

rehab · EMJ MARCH 25 1922 THE CARIBOO REGION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA CA

490 ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL Vol. 113, No. 12 MARCH 25 1922

Operations in the Cariboo, British Columbia

Prospectors and Operators More Active—Interest Shown in Dredging
Ground of District—Numerous Hydraulic Projects Under Way—Work
Of Perkin’s Gulch Mining Co. May Demonstrate New Channel System

BY DONALD D. FRASER

MORE ACTIVITY was visible in the Cariboo district of British Columbia in 1921, than in any other year since the beginning of the World War. The general decline of prices, together with the prevailing unemployment, has offered a greater incentive to the prospector. For the last five or six years, practically no prospecting has been done, but last Fall, a large number of men started prospecting on the various creeks.

Reports of strikes are continually coming in. Probably the most important one of the year, was on Cedar Creek, in the Quesnel Forks country. This stream is supposed to have been the first creek worked in the district. In 1862, it is said, about $20,000 was recovered from a small area. Although it has been well prospected, little was found until a strike was made last Fall on a bench, about 500 ft. above the creek bed.

An interesting fact is to be noted in this discovery. The gold was coarse and was lying on the bedrock. The material covering the bedrock carried no “wash,” but was composed of fine sediment and crushed bedrock. The general rule in the district is to find 1 to 20 ft. of wash on the bedrock. Advocates of the chemical deposition of placer gold, claim this strike as an argument in their favor. The ground lies low, and is from 8 to 30 ft. deep. The presence of water makes it unfavorable for the small operator.

A Vancouver syndicate, organized by Captain E. Crowe Swords, and known as the Cariboo Gold Syndicate, has secured six leases, and it claims to have interested a California dredging company in the proposition. This syndicate is said to have about 5,000,000 cu.yd. carrying about 50c. in gold which is both coarse and flaky.

HYDRAULIC OPERATORS ACTIVE

The Cariboo syndicate has secured a lease on the ground held by the Roses Gulch Mining Co., Ltd., and has built about two miles of ditch, to bring in water for hydraulic mining. This ground is supposed to be an old channel of the Quesnel River.

The new Cariboo Goldfields, Ltd., has secured several leases on the Clearwater, and installed a new hydraulic plant. The company will work an old channel, buried about 175 ft. deep. The reported values are about 65c. a cu. yd. in coarse gold.

On a bench of Slough Creek, near the Catch, McDougall and Houser are opening a hydraulic pit on what is claimed to be an old channel of Burns Creek. The ground worked was commercially profitable, and should it prove to be an old channel, as supposed, it would pay well if worked by hydraulic mining. A 50-ft. dump could be had, with a short flume throughout the whole distance.

Mosquito Creek and Lowhee Creek, belonging to John Hopp, were worked as usual throughout 1921, and it is claimed with fair returns. The same can be said of the Point ground, on Slough Creek, a large hydraulic mine held by Chinese interests, of Vancouver.

The New Waverly Hydraulic Mining Co. continued its pit in 1921, making good headway. Several years ago this company secured considerable ground on Grouse Creek, which had been worked in a small way, yielding good results. The new company is undertaking to open the old channel at its mouth. It has a well-equipped plant, and is using a No. 6, and a No. 3 monitor, under a 200-ft. head. During the two and one-half years it has operated, it has moved over 600,000 cu. yd. of material, much of which has been a hard clay, which has required considerable powder for blasting operations. As soon as the old channel is reached, the property should be one of the largest producers of the district.

PERKIN’S GULCH COMPANY OPENING OLD CHANNEL

The Perkin’s Gulch Mining Co. has opened, in a new pit near the mouth of its creek, what appears to be an old channel of Lightning Creek. This ground lies in the middle of the stretch of Lightning Creek, about 10,000 ft. long, which is credited with a production of $13,000,000. The progress of this work is watched with interest, for if it proves to be an old channel, it may add another channel system to the systems now recognized. On Lightning Creek, as elsewhere in the district, there are three recognized channel systems. There is a high channel, which is the oldest. Remnants of this are found above the present drainage system.

Through a tilting of the upper country, or through the lowering of the streams in the lowlands, the channels were next cut deep below the level of the high channel. Much of the gold was re-concentrated into the deep ground. This low channel, was in turn buried fairly deep, and marks the present level of the creeks. The channel opened at Perkin’s Gulch lies between the present stream gradient, and the gradient of the old high channel.

The work being done on the old La Fontaine ground, about two miles downstream, appears to be based on similar reasoning. Some years ago, English capital worked this ground. The channel then followed lay about 150 ft. below the creek bed. The operators recovered about $50,000, but finally gave up the undertaking. The ground has been secured by others who at present are financing drilling operations which are being conducted by the Provincial government. It is claimed by the promoters, that the old workings were not in the deep channel, and the drilling is to prove, or disprove, this theory.

The Kitchener mine, on Keithley Creek, financed by Philadelphia capital, has completed its water system, and has piped off the ground, to the head of the drifted ground. Next season it should be in good pay. Considerable interest has been shown in the dredging ground of the district. J. B. Tyrrell and others have examined the deltas of Keithley, Harvey, and Duck creeks, all on Cariboo Lake, for English capital.

A California company has drilled dredging ground which it holds on the Lower Cottonwood River. The results are not known. On the Upper Cottonwood and the Lower Swift, a number of dredging leases have been staked. It is said that the Pat Burns interests are to drill the dredging ground, which they control on the Quesnel River.

The completion of the Great Eastern Railroad to Quesnel has greatly facilitated the transportation problem of the district. Heavy freight can now be landed in Quesnel by the railroad, which is within easy hauling distance of the gold belt.

AN ENTERPRISE OP ANOTHER SORT

On Lower Lightning Creek, there is a property controlled by the Lightning Creek Gold Gravels & Drainage Co., around which appear to be numerous satellites, among them the Standard Finance Co., the Great Cariboo Gold Co., and the Mines Operating Co. It is rather difficult to determine just the function of these various companies, for they have all come into being, through the financing of one piece of ground. The first-named company, was organized in 1896, for $3,000,000 in $5 shares.

Through a private act, the company holds twenty miles of the Lower Lightning, about 2,040 acres. Those in control claim to have spent $1,400,000 on development and equipment. On the ground is an elaborate collection of machinery, together with all the necessary buildings. At various times during the life of the company, some money has been spent in shaft work. One shaft was lost while attempting to break out into the channel; others were lost in sinking. The mining work done, has been negligible.

Operations have been managed from New York, by Charles H. Unverzagt, who has control of the company. The minority stockholders of the company have been fighting him for some time, and have finally succeeded in having the property placed in the hands of a receiver.

rehab · EMJ MARCH 25 1922 MORE CANADA MINING NEWS

MARCH 25 1922 504 ENGINEERING AND MINING JOURNAL Vol. 113, No.

CANADA

Yukon Territory

Many Camping in Mayo District—New Strikes on Keno Hill Reported

Dawson—Recent arrivals from Mayo report that several new rich silver-lead strikes have been made on Keno Hill. Promising veins have been opened on the Croesus, Crystal Gulch, Gambler Gulch, Slate Creek, and Stone claims. The Slate Creek Company is mining a 5-ft. vein of almost clean, steel-gray galena, to a depth of 65 ft.
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The Yukon Gold Co. has about 3,000 tons of high-grade ore, at Mayo Landing, ready for the opening of navigation. The company has reached a depth of 800 ft. on the Rico claim, and the vein is as strong and rich as on the surface. In another shaft, a mile away, the company has reached a depth of 70 ft. on another vein, and is in good ore.
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The Treadwell interests have confined themselves to development, and have only taken out ore, incidental to such work. They have two shafts down more than 100 ft., and these are to be continued to 300 ft., and connected by three levels. This will block out a large tonnage of ore. The vein averages 3 ft. in both shafts, and assays run from 200 to 500 oz. in silver, per ton.

It is claimed that nearly half the population of the Territory, has assembled at the camps around Mayo, and that this will be greatly augmented during the coming season. The White Pass Railway Co. is making arrangements for a busy season. It is building a new steamer at Mayo, to handle the increased traffic that is expected.
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British Columbia

Early Opening of Yukon River Expected—Placer Mining Experiencing Boom

Victoria — Mining men are on their toes in anticipation of the early opening of navigation in the Yukon, and Alaska, as well as in the active camps of northern British Columbia. The annual flow of prospectors and operators, who have been wintering in Vancouver, Victoria, and Seattle, has started northward. Outbound steamers are crowded already, and the bookings on Canadian, as well as on American ships, scheduled to leave during the next few weeks, have been so brisk as to put accommodation at a premium.

Though Atlin, Dease Lake, Alice Arm, and other well-known and long popular districts, are attracting their quotas, most of the travelers are en route either to the Portland Canal region, or to the Mayo camp. Up to the present, the majority favor the latter district. The rush to that famous silver producing camp close to Dawson City has started early, through a desire to get in over the snow, for when the break comes, it will be some time before the roads or trails are in good condition.
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The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council has refused the application of Anna Theresa Boyle, to two placer mining claims on the Klondike River, thus sustaining the decision of a Dawson Mining Recorder. This ends litigation that has been carried from court to court for several years. Some valuable gold property, as a result of the judgment, will go to the Canadian Klondike Co., Ltd.
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The Del Ecuador Mines Co., which has a large block of leases in the Cedar Creek region of the Cariboo, is reported to be arranging to put a dredge on the ground, this year.
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Joseph Tretheway, who recently bonded the discovery claims on Iron Creek, Taseko (Whitewater) River, in the Lillooet district, is reported to have shipped a diamond drill to Williams Lake, by the Pacific Great Eastern Ry. Thence it will be taken across ice and snow by way of Hanceville, into the Whitewater, and set up ready for work, as soon as weather permits. With this equipment, it is proposed to prospect thoroughly, the telluride formation reported to be rich in gold. The accounts of recoveries made from this property by a miner named Taylor, last summer, have created much interest in this region by prospectors.
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On Cherry Creek, a placer and quartz gold mining district, near Kamloops, a Seattle syndicate has staked a number of claims, and already has a crew of men on the ground. Placer ground, it is said, is to be opened up by means of hydraulicking, and some lode prospects are to be explored by diamond drill.
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There is activity of a similar character on Shorts Creek, on the west shore of Okanagan Lake. In this region, however, interest is being manifested exclusively in the placer possibilities.
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It is reported that a Keystone drill will be put to work on the Prince of Wales Mining Co.’s leases on Horsefly Creek, this summer.
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The Indian Mines, Ltd., and adjacent claims, situated in the Salmon River Valley, Portland Canal, have been acquired by G. D. B. Turner and associates. This property is northwest of the Premier Mining Co. The work so far done, shows a vein from 6 to 14 ft. wide, with fair gold and silver values, and in places, considerable galena. The latter is uniformly low in silver. The camp is well established, and development will start as soon as the season opens.
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At Anyox, the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting & Power Co., Ltd., intends to build a short railway to the site of the dam, which the company is to construct, to assure an ample supply of water for purposes of operation. Recent heavy rains have improved the situation in the district of the Hidden Creek mine, and the Anyox smelter.
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Placer mining is experiencing a mild boom in British Columbia. Much is looked for next summer, from the newly discovered fields of the Cedar Creek district, in the Cariboo.
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A revival in other sections of the province, notably the Omineca and East Kootenay, is anticipated. For the most part, operations will take the form of hydraulicking, but a company already is reported to have started work with a dredge, on the Peace River, and another plans on installing a similar plant on Cedar Creek.
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Nelson — The Gibson Mining Co., which had a group of claims under development on the South Fork of Kaslo Creek, three or four years ago, and which became involved in financial difficulties, and litigation, is being finally disposed of, under the provisions of the British Columbia “Winding-up Act,” with Sheriff Doyle as official liquidator. Final hearing of claims and creditors is to be held at Vancouver, April 3.

Agitation for erecting an ore-testing plant, to be established by the Dominion government, and to he built at Nelson, is being continued by local interests. Vancouver is also a contender for such a plant, and representations from both points continue to be made at Ottawa.

Kaslo—The Kaslo & Slocan branch of the Canadian Pacific Ry., and which affords communication between Kootenay Lake, and the various mining camps of the Slocan, is blocked with snow-slides, between Three Forks and Bear Lake. It is unlikely that traffic can be resumed for several weeks.

Rossland—The Velvet mine, which is situated near the international boundary line between here, and Northport, Wash., has been unable to make shipments lately, because of the cutting off of all traffic on the Red Mountain Ry., by the Great Northern.

Lessees of the I. X. L. property, near here, have recently received returns on about 26 ½ tons of ore, shipped to the Bunker Hill smelter, at Kellogg, Idaho, and which brings the total value of shipments within the last six months, up to $30,000.

Trail—Ore shipments received at the Consolidated smelter, from March 8 to 14, inclusive, totaled 9,153 tons, coming from the following shippers: Mountain Chief, New Denver, 9 tons; Paradise, Lake Windermere, 36; Rosebery Surprise, New Denver, 143; Silversmith, 66; and company mines, 8,899.

Ontario

Sudbury—President J. L. Agnew of the International Nickel Co., of Canada, in an interview at Sudbury, Ont., outlined the new policy of the company, in view of the lessening demand for nickel, for armament and war material. The salient feature, he stated, would be the remodeling of the Exploitation department. Specialists of high standing had been engaged, with a view to broadening the field for nickel and monel (stainless steel) metal parts, as new uses for nickel would have to be created, to make the industry a success. Hereafter, all refining of nickel will be done at Port Colborne, but the resumption of operations at the smelter and mines may be a matter of months.

TIDBITS OF INFO- CANADA

PRE-CAMBRIAN MISCONCEPTIONS EMJ 8 4 1928

BIG MISSOURI - PORTLAND CANAL BC AREA EMJ 8 4 1928

CANADA MINING NEWS E&MJ 10 20 1928

CANADA MINING NEWS TMJ 10 30 1929

IMPRESSIONS OF WESTERN CANADA TMJ 1 15 1930

AMERICAN METALS TO MOVE INTO S AFRICA TMJ 10 30 1930

CANADIANS BUY PHOSPHATE MINE IN IDAHO TMJ 10 30 1930

CANADA MINING NEWS THE MINING JOURNAL 11 15 1930

CANADA MINING NEWS THE MINING JOURNAL 12 30 1930

CANADA MINERS IN THE USA TMJ 1 30 1931

CANADA MINING NEWS E & MJ 9 15 1928

NORANDA SMELTER ROUYN DISTRICT, QUEBEC EMJ 9-15-1928

CANADA MINING NEWS THE MINING JOURNAL 2 15 1931

CANADIAN MINING NEWS MINING JOURNAL 2 28 1931

CANADA MINING NEWS EMJ 10 28 1922

CANADA MINING NEWS MINING & SCIENTIFIC PRESS 5 14 1921

CANADA MINING NEWS MINING & SCIENTIFIC PRESS 5 1 1920

CANADA MINING NEWS MINING & SCIENTIFIC PRESS 5 1 1920

YUKON GOLD MAP M&S PRESS SEPTEMBER 4, 1915

EMJ MARCH 25 1922 THE PAS REGION OF CANADA

EMJ JANUARY 25 1921 KENO HILL- YUKON

EMJ MARCH 25 1922 THE CARIBOO REGION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA CA

EMJ MARCH 25 1922 MORE CANADA MINING NEWS